Thomas Jefferson was a well educated, worldly man who had the ability to connect with his people in a normal manner. He had a wide interest range, which allowed him to know multiple languages and try many new activities through which he connected with his people. Thomas Jefferson was a man who could both be loved and followed, a pivotal necessity for an effective leader. His tall presence allowed him to stand out while his good natured manners led him to get along with all. Confrontation was not what Jefferson longed for - he preferred peace. An effective leader should not be someone who wants or knows only battles to solve issues, but a creative problem solver who can swiftly acknowledge other ways to settle rough waters. One of the most important parts of being an effective leader is being invested in those being led (as well as the situation requiring the leadership). As Jefferson exercised his "art of power" he most definitely made it clear he was emotionally involved by making his belief in the American population fully understood. His desire for the good of the American whole allowed him to make the best possible decisions when President. Thomas Jefferson exercised his "art of power" as well by being able to both hope for a better future while politically bringing true possibility to reality. Thomas Jefferson's use of his "art of power" made him an effective leader in that he had the swift ability to connect with all kinds of people and he was motivated to get to a better future.
Jefferson had strong visions and goals, so sometimes, especially during his presidency, he would risk overstepping his power or act outside of his party’s norm to achieve them. If Jefferson blatantly forced his will or defied the Constitution, he would be exercising power, but not artistically. Power becomes an art when people are subconsciously provoked into submitting to another. Jefferson knew how to make others act and think in agreement with him. His soft spoken, polite, and open demeanor made it difficult to dislike him. He avoided confrontation at all costs. When working for a “Jeffersonian” goal, he would often use “Hamiltonian” means to achieve it. Jefferson didn’t lie, but he strategized. He pleased the people, made them believe he was doing was what they wanted. Jefferson’s appearance and actions were purposeful, and allowed him to artfully wield his power.
Not only did he do what you explained, but to get people to submit to him. Jefferson used more than his soft spoken, polite and open demeanor. Like other people said in this blog, Jefferson also used his knowledge of many subjects to have people enjoy his company more and due to that he was able to exercise his power more. Also, he used his power of restraining his emotions so by doing that he had less enemies rather than a person who showed their emotions to everyone. I fully agree on what you are pointing out, I just feel like there were more ways that Jefferson effectively exercised the "art of power".
I agree that Jefferson would take an extra step to achieve what is best for the nation. He wasn’t afraid to do something unusual or something never done before. Even though he was not known to be a good public speaker, he had a way with words to subtly manipulate people to put his plans in action. He used his charming character and vast knowledge of many subjects to exercise the art of power. He was able to strike up a conversation with anyone, which helped him out of awkward situations such as when asked about Carters Mountains – where Jefferson went to run away from the British during the war. He remained calm and poise, and delicately changed the conversation topic. As you said, he would go to any extent to avoid confrontation and conflict. To do so, he often hosted gatherings open to his neighbors and friends but never invited Republicans and Federalists at the same time. He did this because understanding the people around him was an important aspect of being a leader and making everyone happy. Also, he gained friends and acquaintances out of these gatherings, and people are less likely to oppose someone with whom they dine. These tactics allowed Jefferson to get the people's votes by persuading them that his ideas were their desires.
I agree with what you said about Jefferson's overstepping boundaries to achieve his goals. He did so not blatantly defying the Constitution but subtlety enough to get what he wanted. I think the difference between him and Hamilton (or so Jefferson himself may have thought) is that he may have done things that overstepped his power like Hamilton, but it was ultimately for what Jefferson thought to be the greater good of the country so, the ends justified his means. I think this also brings up another point about Jefferson's character flaws, as mentioned under the first guiding question. The word hypocrite was used many times to describe Jefferson and this exercising of power plays into that as well. The greater good he was working towards was making a country where the government was strong enough to use its power and get things done yet have enough checks on it so as to not take away personal freedoms or overstep its boundaries. Jefferson using his power in ways that he may have shouldn't was to prevent this same action in others later down the line, to create a good government, so him doing this was hypocritical. I think the way Jefferson exercised the art of power was untimely justified by setting up the government we still have today.
I would agree to say that Jefferson’s actions were always in the best interest of the country. As mentioned, “overstepping his boundaries” while in power was only for the better. From a young age studies were important to Jefferson, and reading books of the past caught his attention. All of his studies, which continued through college, were to help him better understand the world. He applied all of his knowledge to help create the best government and society possible. As he grew more popular the people of the United States put more power and trust into his hands. Jefferson never abused this power and only used it to better the people.
Meacham even goes so far as to say that Jefferson’s affection for people in his political circle was for the purpose of governing and gathering power. If this was not an effective strategy then he would have used other tactics. Jefferson perfected the art of accumulating power for himself without appearing to do so. He sent others (like John Dawson in the case of Burr possibly attempting to seize Texas) to do his dirty work, presenting bills giving the president extra powers. Other times Jefferson openly made decisions without Congress. He used his good reputation and success to confidently maintain the congressional support he needed to be able to efficiently govern. Jefferson maintained his power longer than many would have thought possible in an unofficial “Jeffersonian dynasty.” For almost forty years he or one of his followers, Madison, Monroe, Jackson, and Van Buren, served as president. This system was a way for Jefferson to extend his power beyond his presidency and even his life.
Thomas Jefferson effectively exercised the “art of power” by constantly learning from his mistakes and using his experiences to his advantage, making him a stronger and more effective leader. Jefferson took his faulty qualities, like listening too much to public opinion, and used them to guide him, for example to be more “bold and decisive” leading to “presidential success.” He also learned how to speak persuasively by listening to other more experienced politicians convince a crowd, and he used what he observed to suit his own needs and help him as a leader. Jefferson also learned and exercised the art of maneuvering power subtly, without “precipitating confrontation of a distracting crisis” (365). The leaders before him did not take lessons from the past and from the government from which they wished to free themselves. As a result of this, they allowed themselves to follow the path of their mother country with a government led by a ruler exercising great power over the people. But because Thomas Jefferson learned from his predecessors’ mistakes as leaders, he was able to shift power away from federalists and monarchists and towards the republicans.
Jefferson exercised the art of power by studying a great sum of subjects through formal education and through experiences. By spending time studying subjects such a botany, architecture, music, and more he was apple to show this power. Throughout the book Jon Meacham draws on accounts of different people acknowledging how well versed in different subjects the man was and how this allowed them to feel comfortable in conversation with him. Having the ability to converse on a subject that is of special interest to the man you are trying to convince to agree with your views gives you an advantage over another person. Jefferson's experience in law shows through as he uses the term "rapine"pg.89 when talking of the defiency of Virginia's military allows the listener or reader of the time to have confidence in him as he can relate to both men of law and of military background. Also through his travels by political means in France, Jefferson is able to learn about architecture and botany in a foreign place. Knowledge he can bring back to the states and present to the nation giving himself the image of a man with power who can take something from foreign land and adapt it to his own land. The art of power is exercised as Thomas Jefferson is able to create an image of himself as knowledgeable and powerful in a variety of subjects and to a diverse number of people.
I agree that Jefferson exercised the "art of power" in his deep and lengthy studies, starting early in his childhood. Meacham includes a quote from Jefferson, "'When young, I was passionately fond of reading books of history, and travels'" (8). Jefferson's consistent motivation to read, study, and learn more continued into his early twenties when he attended the College of William and Mary studying extensive subjects. Jefferson learned from other influential men such as John Locke, from whom he exercised the Enlightenment ideals. Jefferson expanded his learning and knowledge to other areas becoming a leader of the local militia. When Jefferson entered office, he “wanted to be in on every detail” (359). He “looked forward to intelligence of any kind” (359), and needed to know all that was happening in office. In this way, I believe that Jefferson exercised the “art of power”, by proving to his people that he was their leader, and nothing would get past him that he did not know about. Jefferson used his presidential position and his keen sense of politics to its full extent and advanced America’s government to a higher level of power. Thomas Jefferson was a “jack of all trades” when it came to knowledge and intellect, and he used his genius to benefit the entire country.
I agree with Grace and Jakob that Jefferson's success in achieving "the art of power" was a result of his early interest in education. His passion for learning and inspiration from his father led him to accomplish greatness as President of the United States and even before that. To add on, I believe that he also achieved "the art of power" because of his dedication to the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson "confessed that he felt bound to protect the principles of '76" (xix). He stood true to his beliefs and executed all tasks needed to ensure stability and order to his nation. Additionally, "philosophers think; politicians maneuver...he was both and could do both" (xx). Jefferson could think of an idea, and like I said before, be able to maneuver and carry out any work needed to be done. Jefferson's simplicity allowed him to gain support of all social classes. During his speeches, he combined the perfect mix of brief explanations and complex vocabulary for everyone to understand. Thus leading to understanding and support from all. At the same time, "he was born for command. He never knew anything else" (5). Although he was affectionate and compassionate toward his family and citizens, he was very strict and direct when necessary. Thomas Jefferson clearly exercised "the art of power" very successfully.
Thomas Jefferson effectively exercised the “art of power” by being educated in various subjects and using experiences, and mistakes to “maneuver” within the political field. The ability make plans from experiences and mistakes allowed Jefferson to become an effective leader. Jefferson learned from the mistakes of previous leaders and used this knowledge to his advantage when trying to make decisions in regards to the conflict at hand. One of the main mistakes Jefferson strived to avoid was the United States creating a government like Great Britain’s, “Jefferson argued for democracy” (264). Jefferson silently worked to move the power from the federalists and monarchists to the republicans, “as vice president, Jefferson spent most of his time presiding over the Senate and tending- quietly- to the construction and nurture of the Republican opposition to Adams’s Federalist government” (306). Later as president Jefferson liked to be aware of what the opposition was saying, and doing, “reading the enemy journals, Jefferson found inspiration for and detected perils to, a possible second term” (405). Jefferson’s ability to maneuver made him a strong leader as well as his knowledge which enabled him to carry conversation with different groups of people. Jefferson understood that in order to create a relationship with whomever he was speaking to he had to find a connection with his audience, “he always turned it to subjects most familiar to those with whom he conversed, whether laborer, mechanic or other” (36). Jefferson was a knowledgable politician and “broadly put, philosophers think; politicians maneuver. Jefferson’s genius was that he was both and could do both, often simultaneously. Such is the art of power” (prologue xx).
Thomas Jefferson’s secret to remaining a highly respected and powerful man his entire life was not a complex one at all. In fact, it was quite simple. He was a man of few, meaningful, words, who avoided conflict at every cost. For centuries, politicians around the world have obtained enemies and lost favor through rash actions or violent discussions with others. The reserved Jefferson however was “respected and beloved by everyone” (pg. 191) that knew him because he was “a silent member in Congress” who was also “prompt, frank, explicit, and decisive upon committees and in conversation” (pg. 102), “having his way without precipitating confrontation or a distracting crisis” (pg. 365). Jefferson exercised power passively. And when he did speak, people always listened. His infinite worldly knowledge lead listeners to take him very seriously. His power over others did not solely apply to his political life, but his family as well. One of his grandchildren is quoted saying, our “sense of his authority was so complete that it was unnecessary for him to utter a harsh word to one of us, or speak in a raised tone of voice.” (pg. 449). Thomas Jefferson prevailed as a man of few words who possessed boundless wisdom, leading followers to respect his authority and power.
I agree with your statement that Jefferson was a man of few words. The fact that he did not speak a lot or over use his power is what gained him the trust and respect of others. He also, like said above, wished to avoid conflict no matter what. Meacham portrays Jefferson as very concerned about pleasing the public, and doing what he believed would benefit everyone. "His sense of the needs of others was part of his nature..." (451). Jefferson was a strong believer in compromises, and making sure his actions suit the needs of as many people as possible. This was evident in his draft of the Declaration of Independence. "...Jefferson's draft was a political undertaking with a philosophical frame. It was produced ....to satisfy particular concerns for a particular complex of audiences..." (104). Jefferson was able to exercise his power in a way that pleased others, and gained himself respect.
I also agree with you here. Jeffersons simplicity made him more effective then some would think. "Jefferson benefited enormously from holding his tounge in debate" (88). As Jefferson held off with rambling speeches he could use his knowledge and experience to speak only when he felt it mecessary and therefore his point would come out much more significant and meaningful. Another aspect of his simplicity, which others mentioned on this blog, was his ability to keep more friends than enemies. People viewed Jefferson his whole life as an all around great person. Keeping connections and allies from home in Virginia, up in New England, and even in France from his earlier life journeys he has managed to encompass friends and supporters, key things in order to wield power. Exercising the art of power is different than having the art of power. Jefferson not only had power, but he used his simple yet effective speaking, ability to make friends and overall experience to turn the power he owned into in art.
I agree Micheal that Jeffersons simplicity gave his words more meaning, kept his message clear, and gained him the trust of the public. He realized that a short pointed phrase or a few meaningful words go a lot further that hours of argument and debate. I also agree that his style of staying out of political conflict allowed him to focus on the problems at hand and pay attention to what the people wanted. His knowledge of what the people wanted is what led him to be a well liked man by the public. His aversion to conflict also led him to gather quite a few helpful friends during his endeavors that helped him to become so influential. And lastly I think Jeffersons forward thinking and ability to see the big picture is shown in his involvement in the Louisiana Purchase and the exploration of the Western United States. His forward thinking, use of language, and non confrontational approach to life is what allowed him to effectively exercise the art of power.
Jefferson’s mastery of language, vision, political flexibility and worldly knowledge enabled him to exercise the art of power subtly and effectively in turbulent times. Early in his career, Jefferson learned the importance of language in controlling power. The Day of Prayer and Fasting as well as the Declaration of Independence (184), exhibited Jefferson’s remarkable ability to communicate his ideas and inspire others to put his ideas and philosophy into action. Jefferson’s ability to apply philosophy in an imperfect world, which simultaneously required him to ‘“be contented to secure what we can get from time to time, and eternally press forward”’ (225), helped him restore some order and bring peace to a chaotic developing country. His ability to pursue his vision while governing according to circumstance gained him support from political allies and the general public while also granting him political flexibility (254). Jefferson’s awareness of worldly matters and the importance of public opinion, when joined with a mastery of language, produced an exceptional mastery of power. To strategically control British opinion of America during 1784 a time of extreme tension between the nations, he published a fictitious letter “calculated to change public opinion by engaging the enemy on his own terms” (184). Not only did his message gain a wide audience through this approach, but he influenced the British view of America without confronting opposition or conflict. Jefferson successfully achieved mastery of power through success in politics and continued pursuit of philosophical ideals.
Thomas Jefferson in his life stressed the importance of getting along with his fellow man and doing all that he could through peaceful and non-confrontational discussion. This strategy not only allowed people to feel comfortable around him, but made them more likely to see things from his perspective, or at least try to. Whereas if Jefferson had been more apt to argue and start conflict, his opponents would in turn be more apt to unflinchingly oppose him. It was Jefferson's ability to be amiable and willing to listen rather than to interrupt that shows his deftness at handling and at times heavily influencing others. By being reasonable while simultaneously having a authoritative appearance, Jefferson practiced the art of power by almost bending other people to his will, while the person themselves would be unaware or in support. It was therefore not how Jefferson himself exercised absolute power or rule over others, but how he influenced them to the point where they were aligned with his own thoughts that he effectively used the art of power to elevate himself politically and socially.
Thomas Jefferson was a man of great influence, who was well rounded in his education and was also very tactful when operating through the world of politics, making him an active user of “the art of power”. Jefferson studied many subjects, including architecture, music, and languages. Education was very important to Jefferson, he believed there was never an end to learning and he learned new things everyday, “Information, as ever, was power” (160). Even when Jefferson made a mistake, he would still use it as an opportunity to learn and improve for the future, “The lessons Jefferson was learning- painfully -in Virginia would help him immensely in later years when his responsibilities were even larger” (135-136). Everything Jefferson experienced and learned helped him in the political field. Conversation topics came easily to Jefferson due to his seemingly endless knowledge, allowing people to feel comfortable when they spoke to him. “He is everything that is good, upright, enlightened, and clever” as Lafayette described Jefferson to politician James McHenry (191). Jefferson was especially clever when it came to maneuvering politics, he accomplished his goals by being humble and strong-willed, “…political Jefferson- a man who got his way quietly but unmistakably, without bluster or bombast, his words congenial but his will unwavering” (270). In order to excel in politics a well rounded education was required, as well as an understanding of human behavior and what the people wanted, “To Jefferson, the imperfections of life and the limits of politics were realities. So were the wonders and the possibilities of the human mind” (314). Jefferson could simultaneously think while executing proper political procedure, making him an effective user of “the art of power”.
Jefferson became a powerful politician in many ways because of how successful he was socially. While it is true that his mastery of a wide variety of subjects including philosophy, language, music and law made Jefferson a smart and able man, he would have never been successful without his ability to become popular among those around him. An avid writer of letters for his entire life, it is no secret that Jefferson was always establishing and maintaining good relationships with his powerful colleagues such as Washington, Hamilton, and Monroe. I believe it is such an ability to establish and maintain effective relationships that allowed Jefferson to thrive in foreign relations for much of his early career. It also comes as no surprise that Jefferson knew how to converse effectively. “He immersed himself in the subtle skills of engaging others, chiefly by offering people that which they value most: an attentive audience to listen to their own visions and views. Politicians often talk too much and listen to little, which can be self-defeating” (36). As somebody who swiftly climbed the political scale throughout his career, it is extremely evident that Jefferson was not “self-defeating” in this aspect.
I agree with Renee. Jefferson’s social skills gave him an upper leg with power. His ability to avoid social conflicts (such as not inviting both Republicans and Federalists to a dinner party) which allowed the night to go smoothly without an awful encounter between the two parties. The ability to understand and respect people’s views by not putting them together at dining table is a thoughtful decision made by a leader who knows how to keep people happy. Jefferson’s worldly knowledge through the means of language and culture also made Jefferson a very powerful man. The skill to interact with foreign people to make deals or alliances (such as the one with France) greatly helped America, especially with the events during the revolution where France gave aid to America. In both political and personal life, Jefferson was also very tentative to the needs of people. The humble nature of Jefferson also showed him as one of the people, and not thinking he was above or better than any American, which gave the people comfort in knowing that their leader was one of them. Jefferson’s ability to relate to everyone and anyone in a social setting provided him with power by making him a likeable, relatable leader.
Jefferson was highly influential throughout his political career, but what made him so powerful were the subtleties used making decisions while holding the presidential office. With his ability to have congress make decisions he wanted made, or make congress's decisions without them knowing, Jefferson became extremely powerful and successful at certain times. For example, when fighting the Barbary States, Jefferson provided instructions to Richard Dale without Congress but deferred to them to cover up his control. Although he was unsuccessful in removing the Tripoli regime, he still accomplished naval attacks showing American strength. This technique used by Jefferson demonstrates his knowledge of how to use power and shows he can use his reason and intelligence to accomplish his main goals for the country.
In order to determine whether Thomas Jefferson successfully exercised the art of power, one has to first answer the question; what is power? Power, according to Jon Meacham, is being able to think and maneuver simultaneously with the guts to make things happen. Did Jefferson do this? Absolutely. Growing up, he was a man who had many interests and a thirst for knowledge. He was learned in countless subjects, and incredibly skilled in politics which allowed him to always maintain a position of influence. During his young adult life, Jefferson became increasingly skilled at manipulating the world to his benefit. He also took great interest in the workings of one's mind. Thanks to these skills, Thomas Jefferson could influence the world while maintaining a good image and keeping the people happy. Thus is the art of power.
Thomas Jefferson had many diverse qualities that allowed him to effectively exercise the “art of power”, including, but not limited to, his charming personality, his ingenuity, and his strategic thinking. Meacham reveals Jefferson’s natural social skills early in the book by quoting Jefferson’s grandson’s description of his “tactical approach to personal exchanges”, stating, “’His powers of conversation were great, yet he always turned it to subjects most familiar to those with whom he conversed, whether laborer, mechanic, or other’”(36). This comfortable and friendly way of speaking with people enabled Jefferson to effectively win over the public, and therefore allowed him to gather support and confidence from others. Jefferson was also, “the kind of man other men thought well of and believed they could trust”(39), which made it easier for him to effectively exercise power over the people since they trusted him and could trust his directions. Another useful tool Jefferson had at his disposal was his ingenuity. Jefferson had an ingenious way of approaching situations and coming up with new and innovative ideas about how to handle and assess them. A perfect example is his fresh approach to the presidency: “In his years in office he turned the presidency- and the President’s House- into something it had not been before: a center of curiosity and inquiry, a vibrant institution that played informal but important roles in the broader life of the nation, from science to literature”(410). Jefferson came into a very traditional and ritualized position and saw the position in a new light. He shaped the presidency and the White House into a symbol of learning, discovery, and culture, connotations no one else had ever imagined for the position. Jefferson’s ingenuity helped him to constructively wield power in order to help the developing nation of America. Lastly, Jefferson used his knack for strategic thinking in order to exercise power. Long before Jefferson was a public figure, he was closely observing political assemblies. Meacham believes that, “the close cataloging of the assembly suggests his interest in the workings of power”(38). This careful examination of power and how it works foreshadows Jefferson’s acute ability to think strategically and to think ahead, a skill he later employs to exercise “the art of power”. It appears that Jefferson went into nearly every situation with a strategic plan. While many mistook Jefferson’s trip to France as a time where he fell in love with France and their revolution, in actuality, he was launching, “a political undertaking in which Jefferson put the interests of America first”(179). During his time spent in France, Jefferson was constantly mulling over ways France could help America. He was certainly not leaving America behind and filling himself with France-iful ideas. As Meacham says, “Jefferson viewed France in the context of how it could help America on the world stage”(180). Jefferson’s constantly racing mind and skillful planning was one of the many ways he was able to effectively control and exercise the art of power both successfully and efficiently. These three qualities are just a few of many politically useful abilities he retained throughout his life. All of these attributes came together to form a man who was, “among the greatest men who had ever lived, a Renaissance figure who was formidable without seeming overbearing, sparkling without being showy, winning without appearing cloying”(XXIII). This perfect mesh of characteristics allowed Thomas Jefferson to effectively exercise the “art of power”.
Thomas Jefferson entered his presidency in a unique way, hoping to exemplify the republican lifestyle. He chose to dress like a normal citizen, he held entertaining dinners, and he made an effort to avoid conflict unnecessarily. An example is Jefferson’s relationship with John Adams. These two successful men started as friends, but as they advanced in politics, their views set them apart. However despite their differences, these men managed to maintain a civil relationship throughout their political years. This demonstrates Jefferson’s professionalism, and the fact that he had the ability to separate his personal friendships from his political issues. One of Jefferson’s transcendent qualities was his polite manner, and his face-to-face confrontations. Although Jefferson disagreed with the views of the Federalist Party, he never took action in a way that would harm the beloved union that he and others had worked so hard to create. Jefferson was constantly stressing, even in his inaugural address, the fact that although the Federalists and the Republicans disagreed on how the nation should be governed, both parties wanted the best for America. He concluded that in the end, everyone was on the same side, striving for the same goal. Jefferson exercised the art of power by always looking at the bigger picture, and foreseeing all outcomes. He always strived to accomplish more, and never settled. Thomas Jefferson had a competent manner, a clear vision of the future, and determination, which led to his success as a leader of this country.
"One man, Thomas Jefferson, stood at the center of this eclectic universe. He was the master of Monticello, a Burgess of Virginia, and a lawyer of note." These two lines from p.62 paragraph 5 are Meacham's proof that Jefferson was more than just a well known renaissance man. Jefferson had this special ability during his time that many men wanted, but only few could wield. This ability was to use power and very affectivley at that. What has been stated various times in this blog is that Jefferson knew how to engage the emotions and minds of followers, which is completely true and does show his affective use of his power, but what is just as important was his keen sense of always being on top of things and never giving up. The Summary View is one extraordinary example because it demonstrated that not only did he engage and unify the public, but he also brought a greater future closer to everyone. With this power that Thomas Jefferson wielded, he was able to, with time and allies, eventually form a nation that he believed in.
Jefferson's widespread knowledge allowed him to effectively exercise the "art of power". Meacham explains that from an early age Jefferson was being taught important life lessons by his father, Peter Jefferson. In studying many different languages in his early years Jefferson was able to communicate with a larger radius of people and ultimately help the U.S with political ties overseas. “He immersed himself in the subtle skills of engaging others, chiefly by offering people that which they value most: an attentive audience to listen to their own visions and views. Politicians often talk too much and listen to little, which can be self-defeating” (36). Attentiveness may be one of the key goals in effectively exercising the "art of power". By observing, rather than initiating, a person can understand an issue and most likely find a more sophisticated resolution. Jefferson, was a master of attentiveness, unlike his colleague John Adams who was loud and open in the courtroom, Thomas stayed back quietly and observed the issue at hand. Jefferson's conservative personality and widespread knowledge of language, history, and philosophy enabled him to effectively exercise the "art of power" and form a strong unified nation.
Thomas Jefferson, despite his flaws, was a master of his art: Power. He exercised his artistry subtly, often exploiting outside resources. He was a puppet master, influencing things behind the scenes. For example, Jefferson’s use of James Callender, in slandering John Adams. Another example is, in 1806, Jefferson claimed power by drafting a bill, then requesting John Dawson to make a copy and destroy the original, erasing Jefferson’s credit (421). Most of all, however, he utilized his own mind. He was worldly and well studied, as well as a masterful host, using his knowledge to connect with those around him. An instance during his presidency, a guest was feeling out of touch with American life, having returned from living in Europe for a stretch, and Jefferson quickly made the man into a “person of importance” with only a few words(397). This not only demonstrates Jefferson’s host abilities, but also his talent for connecting people to him emotionally.
Jefferson exercised the art of power, as he was able to manipulate people and get people to always trust his ideas. Jefferson sought out many friends over the years to accomplish important tasks and this made Jefferson appear to be a hero. He was able to create friendships with influential people who helped him facilitate his ideas He tried to avoid conflict and create peace, allowing for him to become a very respected man. Jefferson was extremely well versed on a wide range of subjects. One visitor upon talking with Jefferson thought him to be a physician, lawyer, or philosopher, all from one conversation. This unique ability to converse and connect with many different walks of life aided Jefferson greatly. He was able to analyze a problem and find a solution that benefited the widest scope of people, through his ability to use the written word.
Jefferson, whose political style was “smooth rather than rough, polite rather than confrontational”(307), used optimism, quiet action, and charisma to effectively exercise the art of power. Jefferson used these methods when advocating against his opponents. In 1797 Jefferson became Vice President after losing the presidency to Adams, his political rival. Instead of viewing this loss as a failure he saw it as an opportunity to remain politically active and subtly push for his cause. In addition Jefferson advocated for his cause with quiet behind the scene actions. In private Jefferson “lobbied for republican candidates to run for office”(318) such as John Page to gain more support for his cause. Another example of how Jefferson used quiet action to push for change is seen when Jefferson “secretly drafted resolutions for the state legislature in Kentucky protesting the Alien & Sedition Acts”(318) in an attempt to give states government more power and lessen federal control. Finally, he also wrote a plethora of letters anonymously, advocating against the Federalists. He was subtle, yet not silent. When viewing power as an art, Jefferson knew power’s beauty lies in its subtlety. Jefferson also used his charms. Always polite, even his opponents often said though they greatly differed on principles there was no denying Jefferson’s character. Even at the height of his presidential election, he still remained courteous to his political rival Adams. Even after his loss, Jefferson managed “to maintain quietly civil relations”(341) throughout Adams’ presidency. Through a combination of an optimistic view, discreet actions, and charismatic personality, Jefferson was able to exercise the art of power effectively and smoothly to advocate against his opponents. Due to this method of exercising power Jefferson was able to finally beat his opponents, and became president in 1801.
Lilly, I agree; Jefferson’s usage of, as you put it, “subtle, yet not silent” actions gave him his political success. Just as many have already mentioned, he was mostly quiet during meetings and was told to hold his tongue by John Adams. However people always paid attention to his writing, because his writing was well thought out, organized and meaningful. “In drafting the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson was to be both poetic and prosaic, creating sympathy for the larger cause while condemning Britain in compelling terms” (103). He wrote and declared independence for our country; without him, our nation may not have succeeded at gaining freedom. “With the power of the pen, he had articulated a new premise for the government of humanity: that all men were created equal” (107). Of course this was not actually gained until much later when blacks were seen as equals, but Jefferson made the first step into equality and we have him to thank for our inalienable rights. The art of power that he gained throughout his lifetime may have been through somewhat silence on his part, but his mind was never quiet, thinking of his country until his dying day.
Jefferson did not always exercise the “art of power” in positive ways. According to Meacham, Jefferson “was always in favor of whatever means would improve the chances of his cause of the hour” (318). He may have “disliked confrontation so much…that he forewent inviting Republicans and Federalists to dine together”, but he was not afraid to secretly attack his opponents (395). For example, Jefferson covertly funded an anti-Federalist newspaper, the National Gazette, and employed its writer Philip Freneau, with government money from the Department of State, in order to combat Hamilton and his newspaper supporter, the Gazette of the United States (256). Later, while serving as Washington’s vice president, Jefferson misled Washington about his support of the National Gazette. (323). Jefferson also gave financial support to James Thomson Callender, who wrote The Prospect Before Us, which attacked Jefferson’s Federalist rival, Adams (323). Further, while Vice President, he secretly drafted the Kentucky Resolutions for the Kentucky legislature, which opposed the Alien and Sedition Acts and undermined Adams and the Federalists (318). At other times, he acted without constitutional authority to achieve the political results he desired, as in the case of the execution of the Louisiana Purchase, the military action against the Barbary States, and the attempted removal of the Federalist circuit court judges (389, 365, 375). In addition, Jefferson opted not to use the “art of power” on the issue of slavery, leaving abolition and emancipation for another president to address (476).
The "art of power" according to Meacham, is the ability to think like a philosopher, as well as maneuver like a politician. Pragmatic, as well as ideological, Thomas Jefferson pushed for progress in ways that would not offend the public. Jefferson's versatility in all aspects of life and knowledge allowed him to be intelligent, relatable, creative, quietly manipulative, and therefore influential to everybody he came in contact with. He "had a remarkable capacity to marshal ideas and to move men, to balance the inspirational and the pragmatic" (xx). He had high hopes for his country but was realistic about how he needed to achieve his goals, and understood how to use public opinion to drive the majority to the same conclusions. For example, he used newspapers that supported his ideas during the presidential race, and during the Intolerable Acts, he recommended a "Day of Fasting and Prayer", using religion to emotionally bring Americans together and towards an anti-monarchical end to the war with Britain. As politicians often "talk too much and listen too little" (36), Jefferson was always attentive to the needs and concerns of other people, easily connecting to everyone he spoke with, utilizing his extensive knowledge. Even throughout and after his presidency, he was a remarkably social, humble, and approachable person, always open to talking to anyone. Despising confrontation, Jefferson tried at all costs to stay out of it. He strived for peace between himself and the country, government, and his social circles. He would frequently host dinners with all different colleagues, believing that there would be less conflict with people who ate and socialized together. Despite this, he was not afraid to go to war if necessary for his country, although preferring to exhaust all better choices first, like his embargo against the British in 1808. One of Jefferson's weaknesses was public speaking, and being aware of this, he worked at excelling in the written word. His greatest written work for America being the Declaration of Independence, where he showed how his powerful and graceful writing could move an entire country.
Jefferson effectively exercised the art of power as he mastered the art of people skills, attained the confidence to do so (mostly), proved very adaptable, and wrote exceptionally well. Jefferson exhibited brilliant people skills in numerous fashions. Especially during his tenure as president, Jefferson had a very laid-back, easygoing appearance. He dressed in old clothes and slippers to be more approachable to the wide variety of guests he entertained (this is also a huge bonus because it conveys the impression that Jefferson was in-touch with the people in a genuine way). Jefferson understood that relating to his followers would make them that much more likely to respect and understand him; however, he still needed to elevate himself to make it clear he was the leader. This he achieved by displaying insatiable interest in a wide array of subject areas, from philosophy to zoology to gardening. This built up his intelligent, progressive, and wise ethos to the people; his friendly manner prevented this ethos from detaching him too much. Jefferson’s desire to evade conflict also enhanced his people skills and execution of power in general. This tendency, combined with his friendly demeanor, made his presidential dinners very successful. He would only invite members of one faction to dine with him, and the notion of eating at a table lessened pre-existing hatred. This softened the hostility of even extreme Federalists. His avoidance of confrontation also served as an effective political tool. As opposed to wasting his valuable time arguing (which usually goes nowhere), possibly damaging his reputation, and making enemies, Jefferson negotiated behind the scenes and stealthily realized his goals. Jefferson augmented his leadership with confidence that his actions were always in the interest of good, even if he was sensitive to criticism. Rarely did Jefferson exhibit cautiousness—the most notable example being the British invasion of Virginia during his tenure as governor. Here Jefferson catered too much to the possibilities of public reaction by being hesitant to authorize troops to combat the British (he had received so many false alarms he had dismissed the real one). Jefferson used the lesson learned here to execute his most influential achievements decades down the road. One application of this experience was the preservation of the Republican Party in the 1790s. Despite general popular support for the Federalists and a Federalist-dominated government, Jefferson held fast with his anti-monarchical, democratic views. The Republican Party became a powerful force to reckon with and eventually triumphed over Federalism. Another use of this lesson was the Louisiana Purchase. The Purchase “expanded the powers of the executive in way that would likely have driven Jefferson to distraction had another man been president” (391), though he might never have finalized one of the most lucrative deals in American history had he worried about being completely faithful to principle and preventing any possible public outcry. The previous examples also highlight Jefferson’s adaptability and ability to reconcile his thoughts with reality. Jefferson frequently capitalized on his past experiences and mistakes (the time at William and Mary and the Day of Fasting and Prayer are two of many examples) and applied them to the present situation. Working off all of his knowledge and using this method consistently allowed Jefferson to run effectively. Jefferson knew when to rely on principle and when to deviate. Such an ability is a rarity among politicians. It is very easy for factional rhetoric to sweep up the politician and obscure potentially useful means, but Jefferson resisted the currents, even if it was unpopular with contemporaries or future generations. Lastly, Jefferson was an extraordinary writer. His talent for it further enhanced his ethos in the eyes of his many readers and served as a means to accomplish his desires. Jefferson deftly understood and executed the art of power throughout his entire life.
I like how you wrote a significant amount about Jefferson's exceptional people skills. I think that is a very important point to make that Jefferson's ability to connect with the people was in itself a way that he exercised the "art of power". I appreciate that you mentioned Jefferson's use of ethos in his writing. All of the points you made are examples of how Jefferson connected to the citizens, and reminded them that he himself was a citizen who wanted nothing more than for his nation to thrive. You only briefly mentioned how Jefferson's writing skills contributed to how he exercised the art of power, though, and I think his writing skill was one of his most important qualities. As a man with a weak voice and a lack of comfortability with making speeches, Jefferson's writing was his prime way of gaining supporters and wielding power and control (which were very important to him). His ability to word speeches, laws, and letters in the most precise way is how he managed to move the nation in a forward direction: in a direction of republicanism and liberty.
Thomas Jefferson effectively exercised the art of power by employing his social skills to present his views and ideas to his high class contemporaries, applying his vast knowledge of literature and the sciences, and using his powerful writing to communicate with the public. When he was young, Jefferson constantly looked up to his father, and was expected to follow in his footsteps as a widely respected aristocrat. Jefferson made many important connections with the future of America’s government using his charming personality and good manners. These particular skills were especially important when Jefferson was acting as a diplomat in Paris during the beginnings of the French Revolution. He negotiated commercial treaties with the French to help American producers and manufactures get ahead on the world market. Just like his father, Jefferson was a respected man partly due to his intellect. Jefferson dedicated hours every day to the study of history, literature, science, and foreign language. The study of these subjects, especially history, made Jefferson a better leader. Thomas Jefferson did have some weaknesses, and one of them was a lack of eloquence when making a public statement or arguing in a live debate. To overcome this weakness, Jefferson perfected the art of writing argumentative essays and articles to express his opinion. In some ways, this style of communicating was more effective than public speaking because the articles that Jefferson wrote were able to reach a wide and diverse audience. For example, Jefferson published anonymous articles in a French newspaper to help change Europe’s opinion America as an emerging power on the global scale.
Thomas Jefferson used both his mind and his actions to master the “art of power”. As Jefferson advanced in his political career he became more well-known and gained more power, but he was careful about how he used it. Although Jefferson had great conversational skills, he was also aware of how much he voiced his opinions in political meetings. John Adams believed Jefferson greatly benefited from keeping quiet because he believed “ a public speaker who inserts himself, or is urged by others…to justify his measures and answer the objections of opponents, makes himself too familiar with the public, and unavoidably makes himself enemies” (89). Jefferson knew when he needed to be heard, and when it was better to just keep quiet. When Jefferson had guests over his house, he was also careful to “project his power without being showy about it” (362) by maneuvering his ideas into conversations. Another way Jefferson demonstrated the “art of power” was by knowing what causes were worth fighting. For example, although Jefferson wanted to abolish slavery, he “was not going to risk all for what he believed was a cause whose time had not yet come” (174). Since Jefferson considered which causes were worth fighting for, he was able to concentrate on certain issues that he believed were the most important, like the Declaration of Independence. By writing this document Jefferson was able to put his philosophy and ideas into action. By translating his thoughts into actions he was effectively using the “art of power”. Jefferson embodied the “art of power” by being aware of how much he spoke in conversations and by using his power carefully for matters that were most important.
“ A Renaissance figure who was formidable without seeming overbearing, sparkling without being showy, winning without appearing cloying” (xxiii). This quote from the Prologue is an accurate description of a man who effectively exercised the “art of power”. Following in the footsteps of his father, Jefferson studied a multitude of subjects that helped him evolve into the consummate politician; capable of cultivating relationships with both the lawmakers and the common folk he encountered throughout his career. His success as a politician can also be attributed to his ability to know his limitations. As many of my classmates have previously stated, Jefferson had a weakness in public speaking and debate. He learned to compensate for these shortcomings by writing his thoughts and opinions in letters and articles, many of which were published and some which resulted in great pieces of history such as the Declaration of Independence. For the most part, his strategy worked brilliantly: “The Jefferson style – cultivate his elders, make himself pleasant to his contemporaries, and used his pen and his intellect to shape the debate – arm him well for the national arena.” As an added benefit, this approach enabled him to reach a larger audience and “watch his mouth” more carefully so as to not upset the public.
Jefferson was born and raised with the tools to successfully exercise the art of power, “he was raised to wield power” (4). He came from a lineage of great, successful men. He became an influential leader in part because of the people that surrounded him as a child, including his father whom he idolized, and his mother who helped form his respect for women. Coming from a wealthy, respected family, he never doubted he would follow this path. He was exposed to hunting, gambling and horses as well as music, literature and culture. Jefferson became a student of life and developed a passion for learning. This desire for education led him to seek out and befriend several influential mentors who would help mold young Jefferson. As a young boy, Jefferson’s most influential years may have been those he spent living at the Randolph estate. Jefferson and his family moved there for several years because his father was fulfilling a promise to William Randolph, his wife’s cousin. Living with the Randolph children in their home, Jefferson learned to keep the peace. “Spending some formative years in a house not his own” (9), he learned how to avoid conflict with his combined family. “Jefferson emerged from his childhood devoted to avoiding conflict at just about any cost” (10). This became very useful in his political career. For example when President Washington asked then Secretary of State Jefferson to return to France, Jefferson declined with numerous compliments and was able to get what he wanted without angering Washington. “It was not an easy thing to do, to defy George Washington, but Jefferson’s subtlety enabled him to assert his own will…in such a seemingly gracious way that Washington was unable to counterattack.” (270) An important tool Jefferson used to avoid conflict was utilizing others to get controversial messages out for him. Being a master communicator, he could get his friends to spread his ideas to the public. An example of this would be Jefferson’s relationship with James Callender, a newspaperman. Callender, “whom Jefferson had supported financially” (323) in exchange would go around and denounce John Adams, who was running against Jefferson for president. Due to his lineage, role models and mentors, ability to connect with people, and his strategic avoidance of conflicts, Jefferson was a master of the art of power.
I believe Thomas Jefferson effectively exercises the art of power when he makes the deal for the Louisiana territory. The relationships between all the countries changed when France and Spain signed the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso. France has now become more of a threat to the U.S. with this new territory they have gained. So it put Jefferson in a tight spot, Meacham states "Jefferson was not sanguine: "the inevitable consequences of such a neighborhood,"(384). Now earlier on in the book Meacham says " Jefferson sought, acquired , and wielded power, which is the bending of the world to one's will, the remaking of reality in one's own image."(xxpro.). He did just that in this situation. Meacham describes how Jefferson drew from past experiences to control the situation at hand. He took control of the mechanics of the decision by sending Monroe a man he trusted to paris. He communicated to the public in a way that would rally them behind the cause, and most importantly he took the initiative. By learning from his past experiences he was able to remake "reality in one's own will."(xx). Meacham earlier mentioned "A slower or less courageous politician might have bungled the the acquisition; an overly idealistic one might have lost it by insisting on strict constitutional scruples."(384). So i truly believe this is an example of how Jefferson effectively exercised the art of power.
Thomas Jefferson believed in power, the political power, intellectual power, domestic power, and the power of mastering the world to his liking. Jefferson was a man who valued the mastering of all these powers. During his presidency, Jefferson asked for power while hiding his role in getting that power. He used friends and allies to help him gain it, so to not threaten the democratic ethos of the country. He found it better to work through allies, as to not alarm the nation. He took the power the presidency gave him, and usually exercised it quietly, but he did exercise it. Jefferson also applied his own unique power, which was the power of personal relations. Jefferson was a man who rather disliked loud, showy, upfront confrontations, so to gather people to his cause he would invite them to a presidential dinner. Through these dinners he had he was able to bend people to his own vision. He governed personally, and he left the White House’s doors open, knowing that the presidents attention meant a lot to a politician. Overall, Jefferson art of power was to govern silently and effectively, until all the changes he wanted where made.
One was Jefferson was able to achieve that art of power with his vast knowledge Jefferson always valued learning, and spent most of his childhood studying. Whether it was science, history or a different language, Jefferson was always yearning to learn. This vast knowledge helped Jefferson exercise power when he got older. When faced with a problem, Jefferson always had the tools to solve the problem. One example was when he made the embargo in 1807. Jefferson wanted to go to war with Great Britain because of the attack on the USS Chesapeake, but from his knowledge of history, was able to prevent war and use the best option for the United States. Jefferson was a politician who was a philosopher at heart. When in power, Jefferson was able to think like a philosopher, but act like a politician. "Broadly put, philosophers think; politicians maneuver. Jefferson's genius was that he was both and could do both, often simultaneously" (xx). Most politicians often act too quickly or do the wrong thing, but Jefferson was able to think about his actions and always do what he thought was best for his country. The embargo of 1807 is once again a good example of this. Jefferson initially wanted to go to war, but he thought it through with the knowledge he contained and decided that war was not the correct option. Other politicians would not think this fully through and go with their initial instincts, and often make the incorrect decision.
The art of power, to me, means how skillfully one uses power to their advantage. Thomas Jefferson was extraordinary at this. He worked his way up in politics, so much so that he became the third president of the United States. Perhaps he was able to do this because, as Meacham states, he was a "... master of emotional and political manipulation..." (xxiii). He used these skills to gain power, and further more used them to maintain it. Utilizing his charm and ability to befriend people, as well as his exceptional writing skills, Jefferson pushed his way to the top. He used his power to give the people of America more say in their individual lives (apparent in the Declaration of Independence), thus not only in turn giving himself more power, but also winning the admiration of the people. Wielding his dominance over others to the best of his ability, Thomas Jefferson effectively exercises the art of power as he is able to employ his authority in order to advance in politics and there fore gain even more control.
Jefferson effectively used the art of power to successfully lead the United States based on his past experiences in his life. His "two terms in the President's house is one of a life-long student of control and power bringing all of his virtues and vices to the largest possible stage" (351). The definition of "the art of power" is simply put as taking everything you have learned in the past and using it to your very best when able to. Jefferson learned strong virtues early on when he was growing up, never wasting a second lazing about. He even had the belief that laziness was a sin, spending all of his time reading, studying, and learning valuable skills, which shaped his mind and gave him a likable personality as well as the ability to talk about anything. From there he knew how to engage people in conversation and understood their beliefs. Now when it came to politics, Jefferson started out by listening to speakers in the House of Burgesses in 1765 such as Patrick Henry, and by doing this, he learned the basic fundamentals of his political values that he built up from all of his experience. By the time he became president, he understood how to govern his people and fellow acquaintances, because he had been in the same boat before. Due to all of his time "spent in the Confederation Congress and presiding over the Senate for four years as Vice President, Jefferson appreciated how to handle lawmakers, for he had been one himself" (362). Now as everyone knew, Jefferson was very power-hungry, but the most important thing to him was the world of politics. To exercise the art of power, you must be immersed in what you do best. When Jefferson "retired" in Monticello, he realized that he could not just sit back and no longer contribute to governing the world. He was convinced that his own happiness requires that he "should continue to mix with the world, and to keep pace with it as it goes; and that every person who retires from free communication with it is severely punished afterwards by state of mind into which they get, and which can only be prevented by feeding our social principles" (292). His life was politics, and once he was invested, he could not turn back. The virtue of always accomplishing something was present there as he came back from his temporary retirement to become President of the United States. Jefferson successfully used all of the previous things he learned in his life to effectively lead his country in the way that he felt best.
Jefferson’s power stems from his focus on ideals while remaining pragmatic and his ability to manipulate interactions with other people for his own purposes. Jefferson thought much about the Enlightenment and idolized several of its philosophers. These thinkers’ ideas became a base for the ideology that Jefferson used to direct the country. He also added another component: pragmatism. Jefferson always did what he thought was best for his country. At some points he overstepped his power as President, but it was always when there was no alternative that would achieve the same result. Finally, the main source of his ability to implement his goals was his popularity. Jefferson was well liked because he acted as one of the people. Throughout his time in office, he hosted informal dinners that allowed him to speak directly with constituents. Most of them had a more positive view of Jefferson after their conversation; he was a very good conversationalist and did his best to make the person he was talking to feel important. Even though he first won the election for President narrowly, four years later he won his reelection decisively. His popularity gave him the ability to do what he wanted, his idealism gave him a purpose, and his pragmatism made him willing to do what was necessary.
Thomas Jefferson masterfully showed his ability to exercise the art of power both in office and at home in Monticello. Part of this art is Jefferson's situational awareness; for example, the Louisiana purchase was a huge outstretch of Jefferson's power as president, but because of the situation, it was a good decision. In everyday presidency Jefferson worked to limit the powers of the government. At Monticello, Jefferson seemed to treat his slaves fairly well (considering the era) even though nothing forced him to. However, when a slave stepped out of line he rebuked with more force than was necessary which taught the slave never to step out of line. This ability to make decisions based on his situation is truly Jeffersons art. Dressing down to meet house guests at the white house to show that he was an average person, or purposefully meeting specific politicians at specific times for dinner and charming them, Jefferson artfully mastered his power.
Thomas Jefferson demonstrated his grasp on the art of power even early on in his career through his connections and charisma. Jefferson seemed to have known and befriend the right people: at one time, he had dinner with a plethora of important people, including John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, Henry Knox, and Edmund Randolph (259). Having connections, especially in the world of politics, is necessary. Without friends in high places, or without the charisma to make these types of friends, an aspiring politician could struggle. This, however, was not the case for Jefferson. He was close with a number of politicians and made a good impression on them. Jefferson knew how to use rhetoric to his advantage as well, which helped him master the art of power. His inaugural address is the best example of this. Although delivering the speech in a weak voice (348), he used his knowledge of the rhetorical appeals to effectively deliver the speech to his audience. Jefferson used the rhetorical appeal of ethos by bringing both the audience and himself together. Throughout the address, he uses phrases such as, "fellow-citizens" and sentences such as "we are all Republicans, we are all Federalists" to signify unity, which proved very effective (349). Not only did Thomas Jefferson's connections and personality help him master the art of power, but his rhetorical skill as well, which in turn made him an effective leader.
Thomas Jefferson was not a charismatic leader. Instead, he was soft-spoken. He hardly spoke in public and when he did it was concise and to the point. In personal conversations, Jefferson could easily connect with people because of his extensive knowledge of many subjects. It was in these conversations that Jefferson would subtly slip his ideas to other people. He was energetic and passionate about his bold ideas. Jefferson exercised the art of power by avoiding making enemies and conflict. He hosted parties in his home open to neighbors and friends. However, he would never invite people from different political parties to the same gathering. That way he avoided the possible conflicts in conversation. Jefferson made friends at his gatherings and anywhere he could. He did everything he could to better understand the people around him in order to be a better leader.
I completely agree with this statement. Thomas Jefferson was able to master the "Art of Power", and being soft spoken definitely benefited him. Instead of spewing out his opinion and creating arguments like many at the time did, he held back most of the time. This made Jefferson more intriguing and when he did speak, like Annie said above, he was "concise and to the point" and not only that he always had a new fresh idea. His knowledge and intelligence was what captivated people. He mostly showed this through his writing. Jefferson was able to convey such passion and influence in his writings, from the Declaration of Independence, to the Summary View of the Rights of British America. Through his writing, he spoke for the unheard voices of the American people. I also agree with Annie's point that Jefferson's ability to be social with others gained him more friends then enemies and certainly kept him out of conflicts. Meacham states, "He was a political man in the purist sense of terms. He lived among others, engaged in the business of living in the community and enjoyed being at the center of everything no matter what everything was" (23). Hosting parties and being social with different political parties gave Jefferson a somewhat neutral stance, gaining respect from everyone. He always wanted to do what was best for the people and being able to live among them and communicate with them was extremely important to Jefferson. This allowed him to converse his ideas and opinions with others, creating many friendships with many politicians and non politicians. These relationships definitely gave him support in becoming more and more influential in the government, allowing him to not only be the Governor of Virginia, but also the third President of the United States.
Thomas Jefferson successfully excercized the art of power through social interactions and his knowledge. "The work of his conscious life had been the accumulation of knowledge , the broadening of his mind, and the formation of ideas about liberty, law, and how one ought to live." 76 Thomas Jefferson knew he was going to be a leader and follow in his fathers footsteps from the very beginning and this lead him to prepare himself. all of this knowledge and thse social skills that he had allowed him to swindel npeople in such a way to make them do what he wants. he gained friends in high places through his social charisma. although he was not such a great public speaker he always got to the point and had something important to say. Jefferson also valued learning above all else as a child so all of these mental tools combine is what made Thomas Jefferson such a great leader and gave him the Art Of Power.
Thomas Jefferson was an intellectual and political man, a builder and a fighter. Jon Meacham shows us the ways in which Jefferson effectively exercised the “art of power”. Jefferson was a father, husband, friend and a role model to many. He had many talents such as being a gifted writer and being able to fluently speak five languages. Jefferson was an educated man of his word who hardly ever gave up on something he believed in. He had little tolerance for critics, but always looked out for the best interest for the common man. For example, although it was against his principles of the conservative government to purchase the Louisiana territory, he wanted to pursue the opportunity for the good of the country. He also wanted to seize the opportunity before Napoleon changed his mind and sold it over to England instead. Like all people, Jefferson learned from his mistakes and experiences and grew as a person because of them. The purchase of the Louisiana territory however turned out to be one of Jefferson’s greatest decisions and was the best thing for the United States at the time. Jefferson successfully balanced his work, family, and play and used his leadership skills to lead our nation in a better direction.
Jefferson is introduced from the very beginning of the book as a man who is built to exercise “the art of power”. Meacham writes, “Broadly put, philosophers think; politicians maneuver. Jefferson’s genius was that he was both and could do both, often simultaneously. Such is the art of power (xx).” Jefferson was found to be a hybrid in many areas of life, particularly in qualities that would benefit his political career. At the core, his appearance was flawlessly crafted for a leader of men. “To be tall and forbidding might command respect for a time, but not affection. To be overly familiar might command affection for a time, but not respect. Jefferson was the rare leader who stood out from the crowd without intimidating it. His bearing gave him unusual opportunities to make the thoughts in his head the work of his hands, transforming the world around him from what it was to what he thought it ought to be (xxi).” Equipped with these foundational features, Jefferson had the tools he required to shape the world the way he wanted it to be. One example of this is Jefferson’s involvement in the Louisiana Purchase. He understood the possible threat if the French controlled New Orleans so he used his power and past experience to secure the territory for the United States. As Meacham wrote, “The story of the Louisiana Purchase is one of strength, of Jefferson’s adaptability and, most important, his determination to secure the territory from France, doubling the size of the country and transforming the United States into a continental power. A slower or less courageous politician might have bungled the acquisition; an overly idealistic one might have lost it by insisting on strict constitutional scruples. Jefferson, however, was neither slow nor weak nor overly idealistic (384).” Jefferson had three requirements to be successful that he drew from past experience, “he needed control the mechanics of decision”, “he needed to communicate in way to rally the public”, and “he knew he needed to seize the initiative when he could” (384). With these goals in mind, he sent James Monroe to France as an envoy and awaited the results. On July 3, 1803 Jefferson received a letter saying that the United States now controls all of Louisiana. This is one of the most significant instances where Thomas Jefferson successfully exercised the art of power.
Thomas Jefferson best displays his mastery of the art of power in his ability to gain and maintain control. Famous for his need to be in control of a situation, Jefferson exercised control in all aspects of his life, both personal and political. According to Meacham, Jefferson’s degree of control was evident in his home life. From the cleanliness of his horse’s saddle, to the personalities of the animals themselves, Jefferson demanded nothing short of perfection. A grandson of his once said that he subdued the free will of any steed he rode with “... fearless application of the whip on the slightest manifestation of restiveness.” (290). A prime example of Jefferson’s ability to control a situation took place during a disagreement between two ferrymen, that he believed threatened the safety of his daughter. Jefferson took action and exercised his power to control a situation that he believed might be endangering someone he loved. The same applied to his country, which he loved dearly and sought to protect. Upon entering the White House, Jefferson’s trademark control did not dwindle. He immediately went about sending a memo to his cabinet on precisely how the government should be run and insisting that he should be in the know about everything. Jefferson wanted to be informed and, in the style of George Washington, be in “... accurate possession of all the facts and proceedings in every part of the Union...” (359). By seizing control of a situation immediately and quickly establishing himself as the man in charge, Jefferson was able to exercise “the art of power” in all quadrants of his life, from personal to political.
Throughout his life, Thomas Jefferson faced many trials and tribulations which he overcame in an almost strategic fashion, becoming one of the most powerful men of his time. Even as a young man, Jefferson was immensely intrigued with the ability of certain people to influence the world around them, so he constantly pursued a higher caliber of knowledge than he was in possession of by means of reading, visiting the House of Burgesses, and seeking out new political opportunities. Because of this knowledge, Jefferson was able to appear to people as a very charming and sociable man, thus making fast connections in high places with people like Patrick Henry,John Adams, and Francis Fauquier. Once in power, Jefferson achieved his goals in a tactical manner as a delegate to the General Assembly in Williamsburg, “He moved carefully in Williamsburg, first introducing bills in order to test ‘the strength of the general pulse of reformation’...Jefferson pressed on-but only after becoming sure of his ground.”(Pg. 121) With this careful approach to getting his way, Thomas Jefferson achieved great things in politics.
Thomas Jefferson was, in part, a successful leader because he was able to utilize the art of power. Jefferson knew his own strengths and weaknesses. This helped him to always present himself in the best light possible. This is seen in the way that Jefferson knew himself to be a poor public speaker and preferred to write and publish his opinions instead. This subtle manipulation of the masses forced his audience to skip what would have been a subpar speech and be captivated, instead, by his way with the written word. Also, never being one to actively seek out arguments Jefferson tried to allow those around him to hold on to their own personal opinions without opposing them no matter how wrong he believed them to be. He brought this hatred of fights into his political career and usually tried to look for a way to diffuse a situation through a peaceful compromise, like when he was able to avoid testifying for Burr's trial by sending helpful documents instead. This trait is the mark of a strong leader; someone who is able to hear others out without forcing his opinion on them. This also allowed him to stay on relatively good terms with other politicians who could oppose his idea while still respect him.
An effective leader is one that accomplishes tasks, and does so in an efficient manner. An effective leader exercises the “art of power”, essentially the skillful wielding of power to accomplish tasks. Thomas Jefferson effectively used this “art of power”. He effectively used “art of power”, using it to efficiently accomplish what he wanted. Jefferson demonstrated this “art of power” by quietly using power to get what he wanted. “…while he usually exercised his power quietly, he did exercise it, keeping himself in command of the executive branch and making his wishes known to his allies in Congress.” (p.364) This quote shows how Jefferson quietly used his power, while staying in control of the executive branch and exerting influence over Congress. His influence over other branches was another way he used the “art of power”. “Congress fell into Jefferson’s hands…” Meacham states, showing how Jefferson had influence over the legislative branch. Jefferson also put the people in power he wanted in power. Jefferson removed many Federalist judges put in before his time as president and replaced them with his own choices. Jefferson’s influence over the three branches allowed him to effectively use and exercise the art of power.
In history there have been many great speakers who could rouse the masses to come together for certain momentous causes. An example is Abraham Lincoln, whose short speech at Gettysburg inspired the North. Thomas Jefferson was not one of these men, he had a weak voice that did not carry. So instead of giving grand speeches, he had to rely on other means to get the political power he craved. He mastered the written word, conveying his passion and pride in his eloquently written pieces, as seen in the Declaration of Independence. Through his writing, Jefferson gained power and prestige along with the admiration of his fellow Americans. Always the true master of the art of power, even those he could not win over with his writing he could manipulate on a different level through carefully worded private conversations. Jefferson was everything a good leader should be, he was firm in his beliefs yet willing to listen to new ideas and he genuinely cared for the people as shown when he sent two hundred dollars anonymously to the victims of a devastating fire. Thomas Jefferson was able to mold himself into an ideal and effective leader by listening to the needs of the people.
While I agree that Jefferson exercised “the art of power” through his translation of innovative ideas in the form of eloquent writing, I believe partial credit should be given to his fascination with Enlightenment thinkers and love for learning. In addition, Jefferson was also able to find a balance between philosophy and politics. Jefferson’s outlook on the subject of governing was, “philosophers think; politicians maneuver.” That being said, Jefferson was able to do both and find a healthy balance between the two. Jefferson also had a certain, “creative flexibility” meaning he was able to solve problems with innovative reasoning: a characteristic unique to Jefferson himself. Additionally, Jefferson was “constantly learning, experiencing, experimenting, tasting, living.” (91) Jefferson’s love of learning and desire to push the limits of humankind to keep evolving politically and socially helped distinguish Jefferson from his associates. His broad palette made him stand out against those he came in contact with, making him a memorable character. To put it simply, Thomas Jefferson loved life. Jefferson’s unorthodox views forced people to think due to the philosophical boundaries Jefferson overstepped. Thomas Jefferson also sincerely believed in humanity and “in the virtues of civility” (272). Jefferson truly wanted what was best for America and the people, despite criticism and selfish accusations. His belief in civil duty, the power of knowledge and his “profound faith in the people” contributed to his successful yielding of power. He believed in potential, and strived to fulfill the duties and expectations he upheld.
Thomas Jefferson exercised "the art of power" using his writing and his ability to get along with others. Like others have said in this blog, Jefferson wasn't a particularly demonstrative person, but rather a quiet, calm intellectual who conveyed his thoughts through his writing. The most famous example of this is the Declaration of Independence, in which the soft-spoken Jefferson crafted a poignant, revolutionary document which would forever alter the destiny of the thirteen colonies. His writing aside, Jefferson skillfully made meaningful friendships throughout his life, and these connections allowed Jefferson to ascend to positions of power. For example, the friendships Jefferson built with his professors at William and Mary combined with his diligence in his studies provided Jefferson a gateway to a successful career as a circuit lawyer and politician. After this, Jefferson was appointed to the 2nd Continental Congress and once again able to make an invaluable connection, as he befriended John Adams. This friendship lead to Jefferson being nominated to draft the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson's career continued to progress, and ultimately he became president. However, when he was able to get in these positions of power, Jefferson did not disappoint, as he "artfully" used his power to make decisions which would accomplish a great deal for this country. So, using his intellect and ability to interact with other intellectuals, Jefferson was able to gain influence and power, and once he gained this power, Jefferson would leave a lasting impact on our nation, as he is responsible for our independence from Great Britain, doubling the size of the USA, exploring the western territory, among other remarkable achievements.
I agree completely with both of Garret’s points in that Jefferson demonstrated the art of wielding power through his poignant writing and thoughtful connections with others. Jefferson applied his expansive base of knowledge into his writing, which become one of his greatest strengths in his politics. Early on in his career, Jefferson stood out as a deftly skilled writer as shown in his authorship of the Declaration of Independence Composing the document, “flowed naturally from his character and his convictions (103),” corroborating Jefferson’s talent both as a writer and as a politician in understanding how to present such essential concepts. Meacham summarizes the art in how Jefferson exercised the power of his writing as, “He wrote beautifully of the pursuit of the perfect, but he knew good when he saw it (214).” Jefferson understood the importance of outlining the ideals in his writing but also accepted the impossibility in completely adhering to the doctrines he set forth. Though a skillful with the written language, Jefferson lacked the talent as an orator. What Jefferson lacked in eloquence of public speaking, he made up for in his clear, direct approach. Although often described as a silent member in Congress, Jefferson spoke with a concise clarity, a refreshing contrast to the rambling spiels from his political equals. Jefferson’s quieter approach as a public speaker earned him respect among politicians such as Adams who classed Jefferson with Ben Franklin and George Washington, outstanding politicians widely liked by the public. Along with his connection with John Adams, as Garret described, Adams also gained political strength in his relationship with James Madison. Madison remained a consultant to Jefferson throughout his career, serving often as an, “affectionate, respectful, discreet check on his episodic flights of philosophy (226).” Madison balanced out Jefferson and strengthened his impact on politics by, “reminding him-deftly-of his own core convictions about the limits of politics, the imperfections of government, and the realities of human nature (226).” Throughout his political career, Thomas Jefferson effectively exercised the “art of power” in his talented writing, and important connections with others.
To master the “Art of Power,” Thomas Jefferson wielded the power of art. According to Meacham, the task of an 18th century politician “was to bring reality and policy into the greatest possible accord with the ideal and the principled”(114). Jefferson’s specialty was “using words to transform principle into policy”(114), so a political occupation fit him amicably, especially in the era of change he lived through. When many Americans recall the grandeur of the early political system of this country, they recall the eloquence of soapbox speeches. In contrast, “When it came to the spoken word, Jefferson knew that he could not compete in arenas with such men” so he changed his strategies because “politicians often talk too much and listen too little, which can be self-defeating, for in many cases the surer route to winning a friend is not to convince them that you are right but that you care what they think.” Jefferson knew that “The best political figures creates the impression that they find everyone they encounter…‘one of the choice ones of the earth’”(36). Jefferson knew he had opponents with more articulate tongues, so he instead chose to emphasize his strengths and “…make himself pleasant to his contemporaries, and use his pen and his intellect to shape the debate”(86). Jefferson was a master conversationalist, and he made it his mission to engage in personal conversation with both his enemies and his allies, for in politics he knew that these categories are always fluid. Jefferson had a supernatural ability to move the masses with the ink that spilled from his pen, and combined with his people skills and excellence in a myriad of subjects, he was destined to be a trailblazer
Thomas Jefferson was indeed a man who exercised the art of power effectively and displayed his ability to do so during his often during his Presidency. Jefferson was opposed to conflict, which, not always being a good thing, would lead “some people to believe Jefferson agreed with them when in fact, he was seeking to avoid conflict.” (xxiv) Jefferson’s animosity toward conflict, though, keeps him from launching his country into unnecessary ones. After a British vessel fired on the USS Chesapeake in 1807, the country was united in outrage toward the Britain. Federalists appeared at Jefferson’s annual levee and “mingled with perfect cordiality with their republican brethren” (426). Jefferson recognized the importance of such an act and took the countries state of affairs into his own hands. He immediately banned armed British ships from US waters and eventually instated an embargo on British trade. Although the embargo was frowned upon as one of Jefferson’s lesser decisions, it was preferable to a war (like the one that resulted in 1812), and Jefferson “was willing to fight. But he believed Congress would prefer an embargo first.” (428) During his presidency, Jefferson had to sometimes overstep constitutional boundaries to do what was best for the country. An example of this during the 1807 war frenzy: Jefferson unilaterally ordered state governors to ready militias and purchase ammunitions. He “’deemed it indispensable to secure a greater provision of those articles of military stores with which our magazines were not sufficiently furnished.’” He knew that congress would approve his decision afterward. The most prominent example of Jefferson overstepping constitutional boundaries though is when he made the Louisiana Purchase. Napoleon offered him a deal of the Louisiana territory, an area that would double the size of the United States at the time, for a price of three cents per acre. The purchase was executed without debate on the part of congress, even though the acquisition of such a territory was not technically a power given to them by the constitution. Despite this, Jefferson still made the purchase because it was in the best interests of the country, and “With such momentous things afoot, it was foolish to worry over constitutional niceties.” (391)
The Art of Power: the ability to think as a philosopher and act as a politician. This requires a politician to have a love and a wealth of knowledge. Jefferson understood the practical uses of a knowledge of history, he believed that, "History was 'philosophy teaching by examples' history, then, mattered enormously, for it could repeat itself at any time in any generation." (28) Jefferson also knew that he was not the best public speaker so he adapted, "when it came to the spoken word, Jefferson knew that he could not compete in such arenas with such men... he learned to write with grace, with conviction, and -- important in revolutionary time -- with speed" (36) Jefferson also understood that it was important to engage with peoples emotions, this is shown in his "adoption of the Day of Fasting and Prayer" (71) Jefferson was not a religious man, in any sense of the word, his use of faith to aide the revolutionary appeal showed that he knew the power of religion, and knew how to use it. Lastly, although history is important Jefferson also had a desire to know things that were happening at the moment, "Jefferson, meanwhile could never know too much. Ten days after his election to the national Congress, he asked a delegate to the Virginian General Assembly at Richmond to keep him minutely informed about state politics" (160). Jefferson's vast expanse of information and ability to react upon it makes him the poster boy for the Art of Power.
Through the use of powerful rhetoric and compromise, Jefferson was able to win people's trust and exercise "the art of power." Though at first unsure of himself, Jefferson broke into the political scene influenced by men who were able to persuade others through their words. Jefferson learned to do the same, not through spoken, but written word. Jefferson's powerful command of language enabled him to effectively persuade others through letters or documents such as the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson also disliked conflict. Though he was always set on obtaining more power and of reaching his overarching goals, he was willing to compromise to avoid direct confrontation. He found that by taking small steps, in time, he was able to reach most of his goals. These small steps avoided the conflict that would have accompanied sudden change, which Jefferson knew. Though not an outstanding public speaker, Jefferson charmed in private conversations, and was able to persuade by speaking privately to those whom he wished to persuade. Through his command of language and his dislike of conflict, Jefferson was able to use the "art of power" effectively.
Communication and compromise are essential to effective leadership. This combination with charisma and personal experience renders a leader of the highest quality; Jefferson epitomizes these traits himself. His particular skill set converged with certain events at a time of tremendous purpose, thereby propelling him into the historical stratosphere in the minds of many. Despite his afore mentioned flaws, he was able to execute a great deal throughout his political career. Within the context of Meacham's definition, he wielded the "the art of power" with resounding success. Jefferson exercised political alliances to his advantage, "[believing] in the politics of a personal relationship" (238). His conversational skills were unsurpassable. So adept was he, that he used his talents through creative means; hosting intimate dinners customarily reserved for the closest of friends, he courted allies and adversaries alike, thereby extracting the commitments needed to carry out his plans. These methods facilitated the compromise he sought from both sides. Jefferson gently maneuvered affairs, cleverly disguising his personal ambitions. Meacham asserts, "Jefferson understands a timeless truth: that politics is kaleidoscopic, constantly shifting, and the morning's foe may be the afternoon's friend" (112), and by reason of this, his legacy has long endured as a pillar of our democracy.
Thomas Jefferson's mastery of principled compromise and open demeanor enabled him to effectively wield the "art of power". His politeness, caring appearance, and appetite for knowledge helped him earn many influential friends in his early life. These allies, such as lawyer George Wythe, opened many doors that would lead to his prosperity as a politician. Jefferson was able to artfully use his acquired power by manipulating people into agreeing with him via his philosophy of avoiding conflict. Jefferson non-aggressive behavior created calm, comfortable discussions, the perfect setting for people to open up to new ideas. Unlike countless other politicians of his time, Thomas listened more than he spoke, making people he indulged in conversation feel important. Furthermore, due to Jefferson's vast knowledge, he could create a deeper relationship with an individual by talking about topics that interested them, such as architecture, music, or hunting. Jefferson also used his power artfully when he would separate from his party's dogma in order to achieve great things for the American experiment, like with the Louisiana Purchase. Jefferson was one of the few men during his era to wield power artistically.
Jefferson was a master in the "art of power" simply because he had the right tools to succeed in the republican government of the United States. These tools included his aversion to direct conflict and his ability to manipulate using his words and writing. Jefferson's philosophy of avoiding direct conflict was extremely successful, for the young United States was a battleground of opposing views. Jefferson could very well have been bogged down by challenging his opponents in public debates or the like; however, he recognized early on that no amount of arguing would change the minds of the opposition. Jefferson wisely chose to work behind the scenes, subtly achieving his own ends without causing a stir. This strategy took advantage of Jefferson's second tool: his adeptness with the written language. In using these tools, Jefferson was able to acquire and utilize a considerable amount of political power.
Thomas Jefferson was so effective at exercising the art of power that many of his successors including: James Madison, James Monroe, Andrew Jackson, and Martin Van Buren, were influenced by him in some way or another. Believing in the people he was leading enabled him to lead them effectively. Jon Meacham states: "He thought Americans themselves capable of virtually anything they put their minds to." (16) This belief can be seen in many of the decisions Jefferson made about the future of America, and was vastly different than some of the other positions of the time, like Alexander Hamilton who thought of the public as a "unthinking multitude." (15) He had the ability to deal with the public and quickly get them on the same page as him without making many enemies. Meacham states the correct way to do this: "To write public papers or to negotiate quietly, away from the floor of an assembly or even away from a largish committee, enabled a politician to exert his will with less risk of creating animosity." (106)
Thomas Jefferson very effectively wielded and exercised the art of power. He was very opposed to conflict and kept America from becoming involved in conflicts that could otherwise be avoided. A perfect example of this would be when British ships bombed the USS Chesapeake in 1807 and instead of entering a war with Britain he made sure that British ships were banned from US waters and eventually instituted a trade embargo on the British. Another example of him exercising the art of power would have to be when he made the Louisiana purchase from Napoleon Bonaparte at 3 cents per acre, double the size of the United States.He always was interested in powerful men who exercised influence over others and grew up to do just that. He masterfully created the Document of independence which is one of the most important documents in US history. Even with the criticism and scorn of politicians he was able to persevere and finish the document. just a testament to the amount of character that he had. Thomas Jefferson was a man who understood that power was a means to an end of most conflict and he exercised the art of power masterfully.
Jefferson's understanding of his strengths and weaknesses was key to mastering the "art of power." Understanding that debate and conversation were weaknesses of his, Jefferson instead used his literary skills and rhetoric to get his arguments out, rather than heated debate in a newly forming country with strongly opposing views. By utilizing his writing strengths, Jefferson managed to persuade the public through many means. Jefferson understood public matters well, and was able to use these matters to his advantage, such as his creation of the Day of Fasting and Prayer: "For Jefferson, the decision to base a revolutionary appeal on religious grounds was expedient, reflecting more of an understanding of politics rather than a belief that the Lord God ...To frame an anti-British argument in the language of faith took the rhetorical fight to the enemy in a way difficult to combat" (71) Jefferson's ability to utilize his rhetorical writing while avoiding his shortcomings allowed him to achieve more than would have been otherwise possible.
It is a simple task to wield power, but to exercise the “art of power” is a much more challenging burden, one that Thomas Jefferson achieved. From an early age Jefferson received an excellent education, which honed two very important skills required to obtain favorability. His eloquent writing expertise, and his ability to speak multiple languages aided him in wining over many people, and avoiding unnecessary conflict. Jefferson had a way of getting “his way without precipitating confrontation or a distracting crisis” (pg. 365). Jefferson was also able to accomplish his desired outcome in debates by pleasing the masses with his charisma. But his charm and social techniques alone did not bring Jefferson to positions of power. He also formed valuable connections that served him well all throughout his political career. Lastly, Jefferson was not perfect and did make mistakes, but he learned from his downfalls as to not repeat them. All of these traits combined allowed Jefferson to glide through his positions of power with ease, making his effective technique of handling power, an “art”.
Thomas Jefferson knew what he was doing. He had a thirst for knowledge and a strong desire for control. These two categories turned Thomas Jefferson into a master when practicing the "art of power". He connected with people. He was polite, diligent, tall, and sophisticated. He knew how to argue in an elegant way in which politicians would still respect him afterwords. Everyone respected him because of how influential he was. He was loved and followed by the American people. He used his philosophy that he learned from inspirations like John Locke to tell the American people how the United States should govern. He wanted it to govern with liberty, he did not want to see monarchy in the United States. He expanded the Executive's power during his presidency to expand and improve the territories of the United States.
Thomas Jefferson also knew five other languages. Spanish, French, Greek, Latin, and Italian. This would help him connect the United States with Western Europeans. Especially during his diplomatic session in France. Thomas Jefferson wanted knowledge and control. This allowed him to exercise the true meaning of the "art of power".
Jefferson was a great man who boldly, yet quietly, pursued the most suitable options available for the good of his country. Jefferson used compromises to solve disputes by subtly persuading others to act in his favor. By doing so, Jefferson could indirectly control a compromise to what he believed to be the best solution for everyone. For example, after the repeal of the Judiciary Act of 1801, the Federalist party was angered by the acts of the Republican party. One Federalist, Supreme Court associate justice Samuel Chase, gave a “provocative charge to a grand jury in Baltimore,” and was “openly hostile to Jefferson’s party,” (375). So Jefferson asked Joseph H. Nicholson to attempt to remove Chase from office because “it is better that I {Jefferson} should not interfere,” (375). Jefferson’s subtle strategy of initiating a course of action from a distance enabled him to influence other politicians to follow by manipulating them through kind and gentle persuasion.
One way Jefferson executed the art of power was through his excellence in communication, one of the most important skills in a leader: "In pursuit of his own ends, Jefferson sought, acquired, and wielded power, which is the bending of the world to ones will... Like Jefferson, those who articulate national aspirations yet master the mechanics of influence" (xx). What Jefferson lacked in public speaking skills, he made up for in his ability to communicate ideas through writing. When Jefferson wrote, he made it one of his main priorities to appeal to his readers. The most famous example of this kind of writing was Jefferson's Summary View of the Rights of British America, identifying the American cause. The Summary View was Jefferson's breakthrough paper, which launched him toward the front ranks of the cause. Taking advantage of his exceptional skills in writing, Jefferson was able to convince many people who may had been on the fence to join the cause by appealing to the people's "sense of justice" (75) while at the same time maintaining a tone of respect to King George (to whom Jefferson said he was writing to). Perfectly written, Jefferson used his Summary View to extend his influence over the people of British America, therefore exercising the art of power.
As a man of power, Jefferson knew how to efficiently use his hospitality and writing to his advantage. He realized that many people would disagree with his Republican policies. Jefferson often held social gatherings at the President’s house, which effectively helped raise the opinions of his fellow politicians towards him. One in particular, a Federalist senator William Plumer, had a drastic change of view. Jefferson had a calm, thoughtful approach to conversation that displayed his likeability to political opponents. Using this kind hospitality and conversation, Jefferson changed Plumer’s opinion of him “from hostility to … partial respect” (396). Jefferson utilized his conversationalist skills to form lasting bonds, which helped boost him further in the political spectrum. Watching speakers like Patrick Henry, Jefferson knew he could never compete vocally in politics, but his writing skills were beyond compare. When asked to draft the Declaration of Independence, arguably the most important document in American history, he secured his position of political supremacy.
To Jefferson, politics should not be a brash clashing of hotheaded men; it should be a conversation between enlightened men who all have the best interest of a democratic institution deeply imbedded in their hearts. There were many keys to his success on the political stage, including a support from the populace, a mastery of the press, and a subtlety in congress. The thing that got Jefferson into positions of power in the first place was his stature as an ideal for republican principles. After the harshness of an administration that the country saw as enforced by Alexander hamilton, the people were more than happy to change the course of their country. With republican victories in New York, Jefferson was soon elevated to high offices and eventually, the presidency. Another step that was crucial getting into office was Jefferson's manipulation of the press. One lesson he learned quickly from Alexander hamilton was to have your own methods of feeding information directly out to the public, and so he made several endeavors early on in his career that turned out very useful later in life (the affair with Callender being the exception.) Lastly, Jefferson never brought forth controversial ideas or shockingly republican bill suggestions into congress. He prefered to work behind the scenes through a friend in a state seat, or an oratory ally. Jefferson also had a masterful way of overstepping the bounds of his powers and then smoothing it over with congress by asking for those powers later and acting almost as if he hadn't done anything as of yet that would require such power. In short, subtlety was his strength, in and out of office.
“Philosophers think; politicians maneuver. Jefferson’s genius is that he was both and could do both, often simultaneously. Such is the art of power” (xx). Jefferson was always looking for ways to better America. Jefferson wanted America to be strong and unified because he knew that would earn respect from other countries. I this travels to Paris he negotiated treaties and improved trade. By using his philosophies he “translated the best of the old world to the new and explained the benefits of the new to the old” (189). Jefferson loved having power and did everything he could to maintain it. Both the Louisiana Purchase and the embargo of 1807 showed his ability to apply his ideals to present situations. The embargo stopped, for the time being, a war with Britain. “The story of the Louisiana Purchase is one of strength, of Thomas Jefferson’s adaptability, and most important, his determination…” (384). Jefferson effectively exercises the art of power by thinking through his actions, then executing them for the benefit of America. An effective leader is one, like Jefferson, who captivates their follower’s emotions, connects with them and affects the future with the execution of their vision.
Through his growth as a person and politician, Thomas Jefferson showed that was able to effectively exercise “The art of Power”. Jefferson had a widespread knowledge of many subjects, allowing him to connect with all kinds of people, friend or foe. This is an important skill for someone in power to hold because through his easy connection with people, he could not only form lifelong relationships, but also learn from what others had to say. As a political figurehead with the goal of creating a country with the best interests of the people in mind, it is essential to be able to do so. Jefferson was always adapting his views and learning from his experiences. An example of this is when Jefferson failed to recognize warnings of British advancement towards Richmond Virginia, not wanting to send the militiamen out only to “find no enemy in place” pg.134. His failure to act quickly enough was catastrophic, and Jefferson recognized that he had “followed the people rather than led them.” Pg. 135. Jefferson was able to take his own mistake and learn from it, gaining information that “would help him immensely in later years when his responsibilities were even larger” pg. 135. It is through his wide knowledge of subjects and his abilty and willingness to learn and adapt which gave Jefferson the ability to effectively exercise the "art of power".
Thomas Jefferson used his language and charm to successfully utilize the "art of power". As many others have said, while Jefferson was not a strong public speaker, he won over many with his writing and gave strength to a nation through his words. His words in combination with his charming nature gained him much popularity both in and out of the political world. He was well educated and smooth giving him both appeal and authority in his language. He understood how to effectively use language to convince, manipulate and control the world around him, giving him an ever-increasing amount of power. As mention by Jack Garrett earlier, Jefferson often did not use this "power" for good but rather as a way to get what he wanted. Since he was such a determined and passionate man, he was able to use his "power" to make sure everything went the way he wanted to. Luckily for the United States, most of the time what Jefferson wanted benefited the country. Thomas Jefferson exercised the "art of power" through his well-educated and eloquent language and through his charming personality.
Jefferson exercised the art of power through his incredible capability to use his knowledge of politics to lead a nation in times of great conflict. Jefferson had a formal education in which he studied the methods of past leaders in order to create what he saw as the best possible way to lead the people. One of his main tactics in being a respected leader was avoiding direct conflict. He tried to avoid speaking to people on serious issues, lest the discussion become tense or violent. He instead chose to make most of his interactions through writing, which was something Jefferson was highly skilled at. Another way Thomas Jefferson exercised the art of power was by listening to everyone who he encountered, and making everyone who came to his house feel relaxed and respected. He recognized that it was easier for people to think of him as evil and portray him as such if they had never met him face to face. He made people feel comfortable around him and see him as a normal person, which made it more difficult for them to think of him a villain. Jefferson always concerned himself with pleasing the public, while at the same time doing what he thought best for the nation.
Thomas Jefferson was very effective in exercising “the art of power”. Jefferson was well educated from a young age, reading about history and learning music. Jefferson took his studies very seriously, continuing on to the College of William and Mary, studying under Dr. William Shaw. Jefferson’s knowledge of the world along with his ability to speak French helped him immensely during his time spent in France, allowing him to create a diplomatic relationship with the French. Jefferson had a very calm personality, and he almost always retained his composure. Jefferson tried his best to reach agreements and avoid conflict at all costs, as he did not like to lose. During his time in Paris, Jefferson joined a chess club. One of his granddaughters said that “he was beaten at once, and that so rapidly and signally that he gave up all competition” (189). Perhaps Jefferson’s greatest characteristic in exercising “the art of power” was his assertiveness. Jefferson would step in and do what was best for the nation during his presidency—sometimes without going to congress regarding the issue beforehand. Jefferson was a motivated man who strived to reach his goals and was most definitely not afraid to take a risk if it meant getting what he wanted. These attributes assisted Jefferson in exercising the art of power and becoming one of the most influential figures in American history.
Thomas Jefferson was a man who, unlike George Washington the hero of the revolution or John Adams was a leader that the less fortunate people could relate to. Jefferson unlike Adams held himself in a quiet and polite manner, making it hard for him to be unlike and contributing to him having few enemies's. Although he was a quiet and soft spoken Jefferson was able to get the job done and would do whatever it took to do this. Jefferson wasn't one to dive head first into a conflict, he was strong willed and would hold his ground when any of his ideas came into question. Along with these traits Jefferson's knowledge led him to be respected by even the few enemy he had. Jefferson knew how to use what power he had to the fullest extent without crossing any lines or gaining any enemy's. Jefferson was able to gain power more power while at the same time acting in the best interests of the people he led this is seen after he completes the Louisiana purchase. This allowed his people to move west and gain land while adding to the area he controlled
Throughout the book, Jon Meacham gives multiple examples of how Thomas Jefferson effectively exercised the "art of power". Even at a young age Jefferson always had the want to learn anything and everything he could. Jefferson knew multiple languages and at a young age was around politics where he learned a lot of about the government. The fact that Jefferson knew multiple languages and knew a lot about different subjects, allowed him to strike conversations and get along with different types of people. Another example of how Jefferson effectively exercised the "art of power", is that Jefferson learned from his past experiences and things he had witnessed to make it so he did not make these mistakes himself. Jefferson also did new things that were never done before to achieve what was best for the people. An example is when no one in the government ever thought to make a law for the freeing of the slaves. Even though it was voted down, Jefferson purposed a law where the slaves were to be freed. As Jefferson was soft spoken, polite and did not want to create conflicts, he was well like by the people. Jefferson used this to his advantage as the people looked up to him, so Jefferson's ideas were for the main far were widely accepted.
"Jefferson mastered the art of rhetorical political leadership by appearing at once concerned about the needs of his people and attentive to their innate need to be a part of a larger drama that imbues daily life with mythic stakes." (76) Thomas Jefferson, aside from his political "fame", was in his time what many would consider a great example of an American. Jefferson was a family man, and found pleasure in common activities such as gardening, and had a passion for the violin. These qualities made Jefferson relatable to the citizens of the United States. Another quality that made Jefferson able to effectively exercise the art of power was his ability to make people feel comfortable around him. Jefferson told his grandchild "It is a charming thing to be loved by everybody." (xxiv) Jefferson would know this because he was indeed loved by almost everyone. The people of America felt comfortable talking to Jefferson. One woman, Margaret Smith, notes "the interest with which he listened... put me perfectly at ease; in truth, so kind and conciliating were his looks and manners that I forgot he was not a friend of my own." (xxv) "Politicians often talk too much and listen too little, which can be self defeating," (36) not Jefferson. Though he liked to give his ideas and opinions, he pleased the people by listening to what they had to say as well. Although sensitive to criticism, Jefferson had a welcoming image that made the people of his country feel comfortable. Aside from his natural reassuring likeness, Thomas Jefferson knew how to please and persuade people. "Leadership... meant knowing how to distill complexity into a comprehensible message to reach the hearts as well as the minds of the larger world." (35) Jefferson learned to use rhetoric to appeal to people who may not know about the subject he was addressing. Ethos came easily to Jefferson as he was well educated in many subjects, and because of his smarts, Jefferson was also logical, as in logos. To really extend his work to everyone, Jefferson used pathos to "create emotional appeals to shape broad public sentiment." (35) Thomas Jefferson was a politician, a philosopher, and an American. Jefferson had almost every point of view that one could have, which aided him when making important decisions involving the future, or fate of the country. "It was a rich man's revolution, and Jefferson was a rich man. It was a philosophical revolution, and Jefferson was a philosophical man." (70)
Jefferson displayed the “art of power” perfectly throughout his life with his quiet and calm emotion and the way he learned from his mistakes to improve. Jefferson was known as a very calm and quiet man who never spoke out with rashly with emotion and always was a listener before he was a speaker. Because of this, Jefferson was very well respected in congress and later as president. When Jefferson did speak though, everyone listened because he rarely spoke out in large groups. This attention gave his words more power and influence over the group than the person always spoke out. In addition to being relatively quiet, Jefferson also always had a peaceful and calm attitude towards situations. Whenever there was talk of conflict, Jefferson always took the peaceful approach and tried to resolve it with his words first before actions. This calm approach helped him greatly in Paris with his peace talks. There he helped build a strong relationship with France that is still present toady. Although calm and quiet may not seem like the perfect recipe for a good leader, Thomas Jefferson and his infinite wisdom used these traits to expertly wield, the “art of power”
Meacham definitely makes it evident in his book that Jefferson had this air about him. People were comfortable around his easygoing, benevolent personality and Jefferson was able to keep that gentle aura without losing the respect of those he interacted with. He was easily approachable and charming which made communicating with others a simple task. Jefferson emphasized getting along with others and drawing conclusions through amicable and non-confrontational deliberation. This strategy not only made people feel at ease around him, but also allowed them to be more likely to see things from his perspective. Jefferson succeeded in his goals through humble and strong-willed means; he was “a man who got his way quietly but unmistakably, without bluster or bombast, his words congenial but his will unwavering” (270). Jefferson had the art of conversation, which helped him subconsciously persuade others to agree with his point of view. Jefferson was a man who worked hard for what he believed. He had an overwhelming amount of faith in the American citizens and truly trusted that they were the “salvation of liberty, the soul of the nation, and the hope of the republic,”(xx).
Jefferson wielded the power he obtained with great skill, by manipulating people with his charm, and by mainly avoiding conflict. Jefferson had always hated conflict and confrontation, two things that a president has to deal with on a daily basis. Being well educated, charming, and having a vast array of interests allowed him to easily sway people. His education and his uncanny ability to move with written words made him an obvious choice for president. Once he got there his charm and his good nature made him very approachable and easy to talk to, this allowed him to avoid many possibly harmful confrontations. And his interests made him able to connect with almost anyone. This helped him a great deal when he would use unorthodox methods to help the country, because his cabinets loyalty to him was immense. Jefferson wielded his power like none before, he using his great knowledge as a philosopher and a politician to navigate his way through his presidency.
As an effective leader, Thomas Jefferson was able to exercise the “art of power” by fulfilling many of the things he set his mind to. Early on in his life, Jefferson had a quintessential role model father who he aspired to be like. Coming from a long line of successful male figures who all rose through society, made it especially challenging for Jefferson to meet such high standards. Studying Law, English, Philosophy, Science, and a plethora of other fields, Jefferson by his own means, was able to use these as a medium for his career in Politics. Jefferson also had the ability to show his benevolent side when it came to getting things he wanted. When his Loyalist cousin John Randolph left for England, Jefferson drew from his vast knowledge of people skills, and wrote him a persuasive letter. When Meacham said “Jefferson wanted Randolph to present the colonists as a board, united, and brave force that deserved more respect from London” (92) and “In doing so Jefferson mastered the art of rhetorical political leadership by appearing at once concerned about the needs of his people and attentive to their innate needed to be part of a larger drama that imbues daily life with mythic stakes” (76) it showed how Jefferson planned certain things through, especially when it involved how others viewed him. Lastly one of the most important characteristics of an effective leader, is their ability to make sacrifices for what they believe in. So when Thomas Jefferson displayed this in the quote “He knew, too, that he was risking everything–and everything of his young family’s”(76) it demonstrated how he unequivocally exercised the art of power.
In the context of the Jeffersonian era, the art of power as Jefferson himself wields it is his ability to live and work as a contradiction. This is most often seen in his balance of the fantastical, sweeping possible and the realistic, simple probable. He was both the philosopher and the politician, and his reconciliation of the two was the artistry in his power. This tendency to contradict is seen in negative examples, such as his early efforts towards ease of emancipation, but also in many positive one. The most striking was his strong and highly revered position on growing political stages despite his disinclination towards public speaking. He managed to work very effectively around this disadvantage by mastering the skill of listening and inquiring. He even delivers an awesome inauguration speech at the head of his first presidency, setting the stage for efforts towards bipartisan improvements during his administration. That being said, he staunchly supported and defended his fellow Republicans and widely condemned the Federalists when he saw fit, even close acquaintances, as was the case with John Adams.
Jefferson was so brilliant at exercising "the art of power” that he effectively continued to do so even after his death. He did this through the Jeffersonian dynasty, a reign of his followers (Monroe, Mdison, Jackson, Van Buren) who all had the same beliefs as him. There were many factors that helped him become the great political figure and leader that he grew to be. One factor was his insatiable thirst for knowledge, growing up he read almost every book he could get his hands on and his studies throughout his educational career helped him to grasp a better understanding of the world around him. As he said, “Information, as ever, was power.” (160). He was always a charismatic and easy person to talk to about anything, this was due to his extensive studying, giving him knowledge on many different topics. Jefferson would host dinner parties and gatherings and would talk with everyone and captivate them with his fascinating mind. By doing this he could understand the views of everyone he met and could then try to make everyone content. As a leader, Jefferson was not afraid of taking risks and making the necessary decisions to get things done.
Thomas Jefferson successfully mastered the "art of power" by using his charisma and passion for politics to get people on his side. Jefferson was intelligent, but also friendly and kind. He had the ability to win people over with his charm and devotion for what he believed in. From the start, Jefferson was smart and valued his education saying that "given the chose, he would take the classical training his father arranged for him over the estate his father left him."(14). Jefferson was smart, and could use his intelligence along with his appeal to persuade and even manipulate the public. On the Day of Fasting and Prayer, Jefferson told his audience that their destiny was to become a free nation, and "mastered the art of rhetorical political leadership by appearing at once concerned about the needs of his people and attentive to their innate need to be part of a larger drama that imbues daily life with mythic stakes."(76). He made the cause important to the people, by bringing the ideas of god and fate into his message, even if he didn't necessarily agree with it. By doing so he gave his audience "both a vision of the future and a concrete sense that he knew how to bring the distant closer to hand, and dreams closer to reality."(77). Jefferson had such an ability to bring people together and win over an audience. During his inaugural address Jefferson said "Let us then, fellow-citizens, unite with one heart and one mind."(349). Jefferson brought Federalists and Republicans together in his speech by stating that both groups want what is best for this country. "The address was a political masterpiece." (350) moving everyone who heard it. Jefferson's way with words most certainly contributed to his success in mastering the art of power.
Thomas Jefferson was a man who carefully obtained and wielded power to suit his needs, reading the atmosphere around him and using his influence in both broad acts and in smaller interactions to get his way. Upon being voted into office, Jefferson took advantage of the momentum of Republican popularity to push for action, having Congress “abolish all internal taxes … [and] repeal the Judiciary Act of 1801”(368). Upon hearing that the Louisiana Purchase needed to be accepted by the United States in a shorter period of time than previously anticipated, Jefferson bypassed a constitutional amendment, increasing executive responsibility and power. However, Jefferson only used his power, according to Meacham, “to preserve the possibility of republicanism and progress”(392) in this instance. Nevertheless, this broad use of power changed the role of the executive and gave the president more influence. Even on a smaller scale, when dealing with his colleagues, Jefferson used the powers of the executive to his advantage. To ease tensions with his Federalist opponents and foreign diplomats, Jefferson held dinners at the President’s House. As Meacham states, “It tends to be more difficult to oppose – or at least to vilify – someone with whom you have broken bread and drunk wine”(395). Jefferson used his elegance and politeness at the dinner table to achieve a greater position of power, softening “the more strident hours of partisanship”(396) and thus making it easier to get his way with the Federalists. Jefferson was able to wield power in many different ways, but all to great effect.
Thomas Jefferson was a well educated, worldly man who had the ability to connect with his people in a normal manner. He had a wide interest range, which allowed him to know multiple languages and try many new activities through which he connected with his people. Thomas Jefferson was a man who could both be loved and followed, a pivotal necessity for an effective leader. His tall presence allowed him to stand out while his good natured manners led him to get along with all. Confrontation was not what Jefferson longed for - he preferred peace. An effective leader should not be someone who wants or knows only battles to solve issues, but a creative problem solver who can swiftly acknowledge other ways to settle rough waters. One of the most important parts of being an effective leader is being invested in those being led (as well as the situation requiring the leadership). As Jefferson exercised his "art of power" he most definitely made it clear he was emotionally involved by making his belief in the American population fully understood. His desire for the good of the American whole allowed him to make the best possible decisions when President. Thomas Jefferson exercised his "art of power" as well by being able to both hope for a better future while politically bringing true possibility to reality. Thomas Jefferson's use of his "art of power" made him an effective leader in that he had the swift ability to connect with all kinds of people and he was motivated to get to a better future.
ReplyDeleteJefferson had strong visions and goals, so sometimes, especially during his presidency, he would risk overstepping his power or act outside of his party’s norm to achieve them. If Jefferson blatantly forced his will or defied the Constitution, he would be exercising power, but not artistically. Power becomes an art when people are subconsciously provoked into submitting to another. Jefferson knew how to make others act and think in agreement with him. His soft spoken, polite, and open demeanor made it difficult to dislike him. He avoided confrontation at all costs. When working for a “Jeffersonian” goal, he would often use “Hamiltonian” means to achieve it. Jefferson didn’t lie, but he strategized. He pleased the people, made them believe he was doing was what they wanted. Jefferson’s appearance and actions were purposeful, and allowed him to artfully wield his power.
ReplyDeleteNot only did he do what you explained, but to get people to submit to him. Jefferson used more than his soft spoken, polite and open demeanor. Like other people said in this blog, Jefferson also used his knowledge of many subjects to have people enjoy his company more and due to that he was able to exercise his power more. Also, he used his power of restraining his emotions so by doing that he had less enemies rather than a person who showed their emotions to everyone. I fully agree on what you are pointing out, I just feel like there were more ways that Jefferson effectively exercised the "art of power".
DeleteI agree that Jefferson would take an extra step to achieve what is best for the nation. He wasn’t afraid to do something unusual or something never done before. Even though he was not known to be a good public speaker, he had a way with words to subtly manipulate people to put his plans in action. He used his charming character and vast knowledge of many subjects to exercise the art of power. He was able to strike up a conversation with anyone, which helped him out of awkward situations such as when asked about Carters Mountains – where Jefferson went to run away from the British during the war. He remained calm and poise, and delicately changed the conversation topic.
DeleteAs you said, he would go to any extent to avoid confrontation and conflict. To do so, he often hosted gatherings open to his neighbors and friends but never invited Republicans and Federalists at the same time. He did this because understanding the people around him was an important aspect of being a leader and making everyone happy. Also, he gained friends and acquaintances out of these gatherings, and people are less likely to oppose someone with whom they dine. These tactics allowed Jefferson to get the people's votes by persuading them that his ideas were their desires.
I agree with what you said about Jefferson's overstepping boundaries to achieve his goals. He did so not blatantly defying the Constitution but subtlety enough to get what he wanted. I think the difference between him and Hamilton (or so Jefferson himself may have thought) is that he may have done things that overstepped his power like Hamilton, but it was ultimately for what Jefferson thought to be the greater good of the country so, the ends justified his means. I think this also brings up another point about Jefferson's character flaws, as mentioned under the first guiding question. The word hypocrite was used many times to describe Jefferson and this exercising of power plays into that as well. The greater good he was working towards was making a country where the government was strong enough to use its power and get things done yet have enough checks on it so as to not take away personal freedoms or overstep its boundaries. Jefferson using his power in ways that he may have shouldn't was to prevent this same action in others later down the line, to create a good government, so him doing this was hypocritical. I think the way Jefferson exercised the art of power was untimely justified by setting up the government we still have today.
DeleteI would agree to say that Jefferson’s actions were always in the best interest of the country. As mentioned, “overstepping his boundaries” while in power was only for the better. From a young age studies were important to Jefferson, and reading books of the past caught his attention. All of his studies, which continued through college, were to help him better understand the world. He applied all of his knowledge to help create the best government and society possible. As he grew more popular the people of the United States put more power and trust into his hands. Jefferson never abused this power and only used it to better the people.
DeleteMeacham even goes so far as to say that Jefferson’s affection for people in his political circle was for the purpose of governing and gathering power. If this was not an effective strategy then he would have used other tactics. Jefferson perfected the art of accumulating power for himself without appearing to do so. He sent others (like John Dawson in the case of Burr possibly attempting to seize Texas) to do his dirty work, presenting bills giving the president extra powers. Other times Jefferson openly made decisions without Congress. He used his good reputation and success to confidently maintain the congressional support he needed to be able to efficiently govern.
ReplyDeleteJefferson maintained his power longer than many would have thought possible in an unofficial “Jeffersonian dynasty.” For almost forty years he or one of his followers, Madison, Monroe, Jackson, and Van Buren, served as president. This system was a way for Jefferson to extend his power beyond his presidency and even his life.
Thomas Jefferson effectively exercised the “art of power” by constantly learning from his mistakes and using his experiences to his advantage, making him a stronger and more effective leader. Jefferson took his faulty qualities, like listening too much to public opinion, and used them to guide him, for example to be more “bold and decisive” leading to “presidential success.” He also learned how to speak persuasively by listening to other more experienced politicians convince a crowd, and he used what he observed to suit his own needs and help him as a leader. Jefferson also learned and exercised the art of maneuvering power subtly, without “precipitating confrontation of a distracting crisis” (365).
ReplyDeleteThe leaders before him did not take lessons from the past and from the government from which they wished to free themselves. As a result of this, they allowed themselves to follow the path of their mother country with a government led by a ruler exercising great power over the people. But because Thomas Jefferson learned from his predecessors’ mistakes as leaders, he was able to shift power away from federalists and monarchists and towards the republicans.
Jefferson exercised the art of power by studying a great sum of subjects through formal education and through experiences. By spending time studying subjects such a botany, architecture, music, and more he was apple to show this power. Throughout the book Jon Meacham draws on accounts of different people acknowledging how well versed in different subjects the man was and how this allowed them to feel comfortable in conversation with him. Having the ability to converse on a subject that is of special interest to the man you are trying to convince to agree with your views gives you an advantage over another person. Jefferson's experience in law shows through as he uses the term "rapine"pg.89 when talking of the defiency of Virginia's military allows the listener or reader of the time to have confidence in him as he can relate to both men of law and of military background. Also through his travels by political means in France, Jefferson is able to learn about architecture and botany in a foreign place. Knowledge he can bring back to the states and present to the nation giving himself the image of a man with power who can take something from foreign land and adapt it to his own land. The art of power is exercised as Thomas Jefferson is able to create an image of himself as knowledgeable and powerful in a variety of subjects and to a diverse number of people.
ReplyDeleteI agree that Jefferson exercised the "art of power" in his deep and lengthy studies, starting early in his childhood. Meacham includes a quote from Jefferson, "'When young, I was passionately fond of reading books of history, and travels'" (8). Jefferson's consistent motivation to read, study, and learn more continued into his early twenties when he attended the College of William and Mary studying extensive subjects. Jefferson learned from other influential men such as John Locke, from whom he exercised the Enlightenment ideals. Jefferson expanded his learning and knowledge to other areas becoming a leader of the local militia. When Jefferson entered office, he “wanted to be in on every detail” (359). He “looked forward to intelligence of any kind” (359), and needed to know all that was happening in office. In this way, I believe that Jefferson exercised the “art of power”, by proving to his people that he was their leader, and nothing would get past him that he did not know about. Jefferson used his presidential position and his keen sense of politics to its full extent and advanced America’s government to a higher level of power. Thomas Jefferson was a “jack of all trades” when it came to knowledge and intellect, and he used his genius to benefit the entire country.
DeleteI agree with Grace and Jakob that Jefferson's success in achieving "the art of power" was a result of his early interest in education. His passion for learning and inspiration from his father led him to accomplish greatness as President of the United States and even before that. To add on, I believe that he also achieved "the art of power" because of his dedication to the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson "confessed that he felt bound to protect the principles of '76" (xix). He stood true to his beliefs and executed all tasks needed to ensure stability and order to his nation. Additionally, "philosophers think; politicians maneuver...he was both and could do both" (xx). Jefferson could think of an idea, and like I said before, be able to maneuver and carry out any work needed to be done. Jefferson's simplicity allowed him to gain support of all social classes. During his speeches, he combined the perfect mix of brief explanations and complex vocabulary for everyone to understand. Thus leading to understanding and support from all. At the same time, "he was born for command. He never knew anything else" (5). Although he was affectionate and compassionate toward his family and citizens, he was very strict and direct when necessary. Thomas Jefferson clearly exercised "the art of power" very successfully.
DeleteThomas Jefferson effectively exercised the “art of power” by being educated in various subjects and using experiences, and mistakes to “maneuver” within the political field. The ability make plans from experiences and mistakes allowed Jefferson to become an effective leader. Jefferson learned from the mistakes of previous leaders and used this knowledge to his advantage when trying to make decisions in regards to the conflict at hand. One of the main mistakes Jefferson strived to avoid was the United States creating a government like Great Britain’s, “Jefferson argued for democracy” (264). Jefferson silently worked to move the power from the federalists and monarchists to the republicans, “as vice president, Jefferson spent most of his time presiding over the Senate and tending- quietly- to the construction and nurture of the Republican opposition to Adams’s Federalist government” (306). Later as president Jefferson liked to be aware of what the opposition was saying, and doing, “reading the enemy journals, Jefferson found inspiration for and detected perils to, a possible second term” (405). Jefferson’s ability to maneuver made him a strong leader as well as his knowledge which enabled him to carry conversation with different groups of people. Jefferson understood that in order to create a relationship with whomever he was speaking to he had to find a connection with his audience, “he always turned it to subjects most familiar to those with whom he conversed, whether laborer, mechanic or other” (36). Jefferson was a knowledgable politician and “broadly put, philosophers think; politicians maneuver. Jefferson’s genius was that he was both and could do both, often simultaneously. Such is the art of power” (prologue xx).
ReplyDeleteThomas Jefferson’s secret to remaining a highly respected and powerful man his entire life was not a complex one at all. In fact, it was quite simple. He was a man of few, meaningful, words, who avoided conflict at every cost. For centuries, politicians around the world have obtained enemies and lost favor through rash actions or violent discussions with others. The reserved Jefferson however was “respected and beloved by everyone” (pg. 191) that knew him because he was “a silent member in Congress” who was also “prompt, frank, explicit, and decisive upon committees and in conversation” (pg. 102), “having his way without precipitating confrontation or a distracting crisis” (pg. 365). Jefferson exercised power passively. And when he did speak, people always listened. His infinite worldly knowledge lead listeners to take him very seriously. His power over others did not solely apply to his political life, but his family as well. One of his grandchildren is quoted saying, our “sense of his authority was so complete that it was unnecessary for him to utter a harsh word to one of us, or speak in a raised tone of voice.” (pg. 449). Thomas Jefferson prevailed as a man of few words who possessed boundless wisdom, leading followers to respect his authority and power.
ReplyDeleteI agree with your statement that Jefferson was a man of few words. The fact that he did not speak a lot or over use his power is what gained him the trust and respect of others. He also, like said above, wished to avoid conflict no matter what.
DeleteMeacham portrays Jefferson as very concerned about pleasing the public, and doing what he believed would benefit everyone. "His sense of the needs of others was part of his nature..." (451). Jefferson was a strong believer in compromises, and making sure his actions suit the needs of as many people as possible. This was evident in his draft of the Declaration of Independence. "...Jefferson's draft was a political undertaking with a philosophical frame. It was produced ....to satisfy particular concerns for a particular complex of audiences..." (104). Jefferson was able to exercise his power in a way that pleased others, and gained himself respect.
I also agree with you here. Jeffersons simplicity made him more effective then some would think. "Jefferson benefited enormously from holding his tounge in debate" (88). As Jefferson held off with rambling speeches he could use his knowledge and experience to speak only when he felt it mecessary and therefore his point would come out much more significant and meaningful. Another aspect of his simplicity, which others mentioned on this blog, was his ability to keep more friends than enemies. People viewed Jefferson his whole life as an all around great person. Keeping connections and allies from home in Virginia, up in New England, and even in France from his earlier life journeys he has managed to encompass friends and supporters, key things in order to wield power. Exercising the art of power is different than having the art of power. Jefferson not only had power, but he used his simple yet effective speaking, ability to make friends and overall experience to turn the power he owned into in art.
DeleteI agree Micheal that Jeffersons simplicity gave his words more meaning, kept his message clear, and gained him the trust of the public. He realized that a short pointed phrase or a few meaningful words go a lot further that hours of argument and debate. I also agree that his style of staying out of political conflict allowed him to focus on the problems at hand and pay attention to what the people wanted. His knowledge of what the people wanted is what led him to be a well liked man by the public. His aversion to conflict also led him to gather quite a few helpful friends during his endeavors that helped him to become so influential. And lastly I think Jeffersons forward thinking and ability to see the big picture is shown in his involvement in the Louisiana Purchase and the exploration of the Western United States. His forward thinking, use of language, and non confrontational approach to life is what allowed him to effectively exercise the art of power.
DeleteJefferson’s mastery of language, vision, political flexibility and worldly knowledge enabled him to exercise the art of power subtly and effectively in turbulent times. Early in his career, Jefferson learned the importance of language in controlling power. The Day of Prayer and Fasting as well as the Declaration of Independence (184), exhibited Jefferson’s remarkable ability to communicate his ideas and inspire others to put his ideas and philosophy into action. Jefferson’s ability to apply philosophy in an imperfect world, which simultaneously required him to ‘“be contented to secure what we can get from time to time, and eternally press forward”’ (225), helped him restore some order and bring peace to a chaotic developing country. His ability to pursue his vision while governing according to circumstance gained him support from political allies and the general public while also granting him political flexibility (254). Jefferson’s awareness of worldly matters and the importance of public opinion, when joined with a mastery of language, produced an exceptional mastery of power. To strategically control British opinion of America during 1784 a time of extreme tension between the nations, he published a fictitious letter “calculated to change public opinion by engaging the enemy on his own terms” (184). Not only did his message gain a wide audience through this approach, but he influenced the British view of America without confronting opposition or conflict. Jefferson successfully achieved mastery of power through success in politics and continued pursuit of philosophical ideals.
ReplyDeleteThomas Jefferson in his life stressed the importance of getting along with his fellow man and doing all that he could through peaceful and non-confrontational discussion. This strategy not only allowed people to feel comfortable around him, but made them more likely to see things from his perspective, or at least try to. Whereas if Jefferson had been more apt to argue and start conflict, his opponents would in turn be more apt to unflinchingly oppose him. It was Jefferson's ability to be amiable and willing to listen rather than to interrupt that shows his deftness at handling and at times heavily influencing others. By being reasonable while simultaneously having a authoritative appearance, Jefferson practiced the art of power by almost bending other people to his will, while the person themselves would be unaware or in support. It was therefore not how Jefferson himself exercised absolute power or rule over others, but how he influenced them to the point where they were aligned with his own thoughts that he effectively used the art of power to elevate himself politically and socially.
ReplyDeleteThomas Jefferson was a man of great influence, who was well rounded in his education and was also very tactful when operating through the world of politics, making him an active user of “the art of power”. Jefferson studied many subjects, including architecture, music, and languages. Education was very important to Jefferson, he believed there was never an end to learning and he learned new things everyday, “Information, as ever, was power” (160). Even when Jefferson made a mistake, he would still use it as an opportunity to learn and improve for the future, “The lessons Jefferson was learning- painfully -in Virginia would help him immensely in later years when his responsibilities were even larger” (135-136). Everything Jefferson experienced and learned helped him in the political field. Conversation topics came easily to Jefferson due to his seemingly endless knowledge, allowing people to feel comfortable when they spoke to him. “He is everything that is good, upright, enlightened, and clever” as Lafayette described Jefferson to politician James McHenry (191). Jefferson was especially clever when it came to maneuvering politics, he accomplished his goals by being humble and strong-willed, “…political Jefferson- a man who got his way quietly but unmistakably, without bluster or bombast, his words congenial but his will unwavering” (270). In order to excel in politics a well rounded education was required, as well as an understanding of human behavior and what the people wanted, “To Jefferson, the imperfections of life and the limits of politics were realities. So were the wonders and the possibilities of the human mind” (314). Jefferson could simultaneously think while executing proper political procedure, making him an effective user of “the art of power”.
ReplyDeleteJefferson became a powerful politician in many ways because of how successful he was socially. While it is true that his mastery of a wide variety of subjects including philosophy, language, music and law made Jefferson a smart and able man, he would have never been successful without his ability to become popular among those around him. An avid writer of letters for his entire life, it is no secret that Jefferson was always establishing and maintaining good relationships with his powerful colleagues such as Washington, Hamilton, and Monroe. I believe it is such an ability to establish and maintain effective relationships that allowed Jefferson to thrive in foreign relations for much of his early career. It also comes as no surprise that Jefferson knew how to converse effectively. “He immersed himself in the subtle skills of engaging others, chiefly by offering people that which they value most: an attentive audience to listen to their own visions and views. Politicians often talk too much and listen to little, which can be self-defeating” (36). As somebody who swiftly climbed the political scale throughout his career, it is extremely evident that Jefferson was not “self-defeating” in this aspect.
ReplyDeleteI agree with Renee. Jefferson’s social skills gave him an upper leg with power. His ability to avoid social conflicts (such as not inviting both Republicans and Federalists to a dinner party) which allowed the night to go smoothly without an awful encounter between the two parties. The ability to understand and respect people’s views by not putting them together at dining table is a thoughtful decision made by a leader who knows how to keep people happy. Jefferson’s worldly knowledge through the means of language and culture also made Jefferson a very powerful man. The skill to interact with foreign people to make deals or alliances (such as the one with France) greatly helped America, especially with the events during the revolution where France gave aid to America. In both political and personal life, Jefferson was also very tentative to the needs of people. The humble nature of Jefferson also showed him as one of the people, and not thinking he was above or better than any American, which gave the people comfort in knowing that their leader was one of them. Jefferson’s ability to relate to everyone and anyone in a social setting provided him with power by making him a likeable, relatable leader.
DeleteJefferson was highly influential throughout his political career, but what made him so powerful were the subtleties used making decisions while holding the presidential office. With his ability to have congress make decisions he wanted made, or make congress's decisions without them knowing, Jefferson became extremely powerful and successful at certain times. For example, when fighting the Barbary States, Jefferson provided instructions to Richard Dale without Congress but deferred to them to cover up his control. Although he was unsuccessful in removing the Tripoli regime, he still accomplished naval attacks showing American strength. This technique used by Jefferson demonstrates his knowledge of how to use power and shows he can use his reason and intelligence to accomplish his main goals for the country.
ReplyDeleteIn order to determine whether Thomas Jefferson successfully exercised the art of power, one has to first answer the question; what is power? Power, according to Jon Meacham, is being able to think and maneuver simultaneously with the guts to make things happen. Did Jefferson do this? Absolutely. Growing up, he was a man who had many interests and a thirst for knowledge. He was learned in countless subjects, and incredibly skilled in politics which allowed him to always maintain a position of influence. During his young adult life, Jefferson became increasingly skilled at manipulating the world to his benefit. He also took great interest in the workings of one's mind. Thanks to these skills, Thomas Jefferson could influence the world while maintaining a good image and keeping the people happy. Thus is the art of power.
ReplyDeleteThomas Jefferson had many diverse qualities that allowed him to effectively exercise the “art of power”, including, but not limited to, his charming personality, his ingenuity, and his strategic thinking. Meacham reveals Jefferson’s natural social skills early in the book by quoting Jefferson’s grandson’s description of his “tactical approach to personal exchanges”, stating, “’His powers of conversation were great, yet he always turned it to subjects most familiar to those with whom he conversed, whether laborer, mechanic, or other’”(36). This comfortable and friendly way of speaking with people enabled Jefferson to effectively win over the public, and therefore allowed him to gather support and confidence from others. Jefferson was also, “the kind of man other men thought well of and believed they could trust”(39), which made it easier for him to effectively exercise power over the people since they trusted him and could trust his directions. Another useful tool Jefferson had at his disposal was his ingenuity. Jefferson had an ingenious way of approaching situations and coming up with new and innovative ideas about how to handle and assess them. A perfect example is his fresh approach to the presidency: “In his years in office he turned the presidency- and the President’s House- into something it had not been before: a center of curiosity and inquiry, a vibrant institution that played informal but important roles in the broader life of the nation, from science to literature”(410). Jefferson came into a very traditional and ritualized position and saw the position in a new light. He shaped the presidency and the White House into a symbol of learning, discovery, and culture, connotations no one else had ever imagined for the position. Jefferson’s ingenuity helped him to constructively wield power in order to help the developing nation of America. Lastly, Jefferson used his knack for strategic thinking in order to exercise power. Long before Jefferson was a public figure, he was closely observing political assemblies. Meacham believes that, “the close cataloging of the assembly suggests his interest in the workings of power”(38). This careful examination of power and how it works foreshadows Jefferson’s acute ability to think strategically and to think ahead, a skill he later employs to exercise “the art of power”. It appears that Jefferson went into nearly every situation with a strategic plan. While many mistook Jefferson’s trip to France as a time where he fell in love with France and their revolution, in actuality, he was launching, “a political undertaking in which Jefferson put the interests of America first”(179). During his time spent in France, Jefferson was constantly mulling over ways France could help America. He was certainly not leaving America behind and filling himself with France-iful ideas. As Meacham says, “Jefferson viewed France in the context of how it could help America on the world stage”(180). Jefferson’s constantly racing mind and skillful planning was one of the many ways he was able to effectively control and exercise the art of power both successfully and efficiently. These three qualities are just a few of many politically useful abilities he retained throughout his life. All of these attributes came together to form a man who was, “among the greatest men who had ever lived, a Renaissance figure who was formidable without seeming overbearing, sparkling without being showy, winning without appearing cloying”(XXIII). This perfect mesh of characteristics allowed Thomas Jefferson to effectively exercise the “art of power”.
ReplyDeleteThomas Jefferson entered his presidency in a unique way, hoping to exemplify the republican lifestyle. He chose to dress like a normal citizen, he held entertaining dinners, and he made an effort to avoid conflict unnecessarily. An example is Jefferson’s relationship with John Adams. These two successful men started as friends, but as they advanced in politics, their views set them apart. However despite their differences, these men managed to maintain a civil relationship throughout their political years. This demonstrates Jefferson’s professionalism, and the fact that he had the ability to separate his personal friendships from his political issues. One of Jefferson’s transcendent qualities was his polite manner, and his face-to-face confrontations. Although Jefferson disagreed with the views of the Federalist Party, he never took action in a way that would harm the beloved union that he and others had worked so hard to create. Jefferson was constantly stressing, even in his inaugural address, the fact that although the Federalists and the Republicans disagreed on how the nation should be governed, both parties wanted the best for America. He concluded that in the end, everyone was on the same side, striving for the same goal. Jefferson exercised the art of power by always looking at the bigger picture, and foreseeing all outcomes. He always strived to accomplish more, and never settled. Thomas Jefferson had a competent manner, a clear vision of the future, and determination, which led to his success as a leader of this country.
ReplyDelete"One man, Thomas Jefferson, stood at the center of this eclectic universe. He was the master of Monticello, a Burgess of Virginia, and a lawyer of note." These two lines from p.62 paragraph 5 are Meacham's proof that Jefferson was more than just a well known renaissance man. Jefferson had this special ability during his time that many men wanted, but only few could wield. This ability was to use power and very affectivley at that. What has been stated various times in this blog is that Jefferson knew how to engage the emotions and minds of followers, which is completely true and does show his affective use of his power, but what is just as important was his keen sense of always being on top of things and never giving up. The Summary View is one extraordinary example because it demonstrated that not only did he engage and unify the public, but he also brought a greater future closer to everyone. With this power that Thomas Jefferson wielded, he was able to, with time and allies, eventually form a nation that he believed in.
ReplyDeleteJefferson's widespread knowledge allowed him to effectively exercise the "art of power". Meacham explains that from an early age Jefferson was being taught important life lessons by his father, Peter Jefferson. In studying many different languages in his early years Jefferson was able to communicate with a larger radius of people and ultimately help the U.S with political ties overseas. “He immersed himself in the subtle skills of engaging others, chiefly by offering people that which they value most: an attentive audience to listen to their own visions and views. Politicians often talk too much and listen to little, which can be self-defeating” (36). Attentiveness may be one of the key goals in effectively exercising the "art of power". By observing, rather than initiating, a person can understand an issue and most likely find a more sophisticated resolution. Jefferson, was a master of attentiveness, unlike his colleague John Adams who was loud and open in the courtroom, Thomas stayed back quietly and observed the issue at hand. Jefferson's conservative personality and widespread knowledge of language, history, and philosophy enabled him to effectively exercise the "art of power" and form a strong unified nation.
ReplyDeleteThomas Jefferson, despite his flaws, was a master of his art: Power. He exercised his artistry subtly, often exploiting outside resources. He was a puppet master, influencing things behind the scenes. For example, Jefferson’s use of James Callender, in slandering John Adams. Another example is, in 1806, Jefferson claimed power by drafting a bill, then requesting John Dawson to make a copy and destroy the original, erasing Jefferson’s credit (421). Most of all, however, he utilized his own mind. He was worldly and well studied, as well as a masterful host, using his knowledge to connect with those around him. An instance during his presidency, a guest was feeling out of touch with American life, having returned from living in Europe for a stretch, and Jefferson quickly made the man into a “person of importance” with only a few words(397). This not only demonstrates Jefferson’s host abilities, but also his talent for connecting people to him emotionally.
ReplyDeleteJefferson exercised the art of power, as he was able to manipulate people and get people to always trust his ideas. Jefferson sought out many friends over the years to accomplish important tasks and this made Jefferson appear to be a hero. He was able to create friendships with influential people who helped him facilitate his ideas He tried to avoid conflict and create peace, allowing for him to become a very respected man. Jefferson was extremely well versed on a wide range of subjects. One visitor upon talking with Jefferson thought him to be a physician, lawyer, or philosopher, all from one conversation. This unique ability to converse and connect with many different walks of life aided Jefferson greatly. He was able to analyze a problem and find a solution that benefited the widest scope of people, through his ability to use the written word.
ReplyDeleteJefferson, whose political style was “smooth rather than rough, polite rather than confrontational”(307), used optimism, quiet action, and charisma to effectively exercise the art of power. Jefferson used these methods when advocating against his opponents. In 1797 Jefferson became Vice President after losing the presidency to Adams, his political rival. Instead of viewing this loss as a failure he saw it as an opportunity to remain politically active and subtly push for his cause. In addition Jefferson advocated for his cause with quiet behind the scene actions. In private Jefferson “lobbied for republican candidates to run for office”(318) such as John Page to gain more support for his cause. Another example of how Jefferson used quiet action to push for change is seen when Jefferson “secretly drafted resolutions for the state legislature in Kentucky protesting the Alien & Sedition Acts”(318) in an attempt to give states government more power and lessen federal control. Finally, he also wrote a plethora of letters anonymously, advocating against the Federalists. He was subtle, yet not silent. When viewing power as an art, Jefferson knew power’s beauty lies in its subtlety. Jefferson also used his charms. Always polite, even his opponents often said though they greatly differed on principles there was no denying Jefferson’s character. Even at the height of his presidential election, he still remained courteous to his political rival Adams. Even after his loss, Jefferson managed “to maintain quietly civil relations”(341) throughout Adams’ presidency. Through a combination of an optimistic view, discreet actions, and charismatic personality, Jefferson was able to exercise the art of power effectively and smoothly to advocate against his opponents. Due to this method of exercising power Jefferson was able to finally beat his opponents, and became president in 1801.
ReplyDeleteLilly, I agree; Jefferson’s usage of, as you put it, “subtle, yet not silent” actions gave him his political success. Just as many have already mentioned, he was mostly quiet during meetings and was told to hold his tongue by John Adams. However people always paid attention to his writing, because his writing was well thought out, organized and meaningful. “In drafting the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson was to be both poetic and prosaic, creating sympathy for the larger cause while condemning Britain in compelling terms” (103). He wrote and declared independence for our country; without him, our nation may not have succeeded at gaining freedom. “With the power of the pen, he had articulated a new premise for the government of humanity: that all men were created equal” (107). Of course this was not actually gained until much later when blacks were seen as equals, but Jefferson made the first step into equality and we have him to thank for our inalienable rights. The art of power that he gained throughout his lifetime may have been through somewhat silence on his part, but his mind was never quiet, thinking of his country until his dying day.
DeleteJefferson did not always exercise the “art of power” in positive ways. According to Meacham, Jefferson “was always in favor of whatever means would improve the chances of his cause of the hour” (318). He may have “disliked confrontation so much…that he forewent inviting Republicans and Federalists to dine together”, but he was not afraid to secretly attack his opponents (395). For example, Jefferson covertly funded an anti-Federalist newspaper, the National Gazette, and employed its writer Philip Freneau, with government money from the Department of State, in order to combat Hamilton and his newspaper supporter, the Gazette of the United States (256). Later, while serving as Washington’s vice president, Jefferson misled Washington about his support of the National Gazette. (323). Jefferson also gave financial support to James Thomson Callender, who wrote The Prospect Before Us, which attacked Jefferson’s Federalist rival, Adams (323). Further, while Vice President, he secretly drafted the Kentucky Resolutions for the Kentucky legislature, which opposed the Alien and Sedition Acts and undermined Adams and the Federalists (318). At other times, he acted without constitutional authority to achieve the political results he desired, as in the case of the execution of the Louisiana Purchase, the military action against the Barbary States, and the attempted removal of the Federalist circuit court judges (389, 365, 375). In addition, Jefferson opted not to use the “art of power” on the issue of slavery, leaving abolition and emancipation for another president to address (476).
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DeleteThe "art of power" according to Meacham, is the ability to think like a philosopher, as well as maneuver like a politician. Pragmatic, as well as ideological, Thomas Jefferson pushed for progress in ways that would not offend the public. Jefferson's versatility in all aspects of life and knowledge allowed him to be intelligent, relatable, creative, quietly manipulative, and therefore influential to everybody he came in contact with. He "had a remarkable capacity to marshal ideas and to move men, to balance the inspirational and the pragmatic" (xx). He had high hopes for his country but was realistic about how he needed to achieve his goals, and understood how to use public opinion to drive the majority to the same conclusions. For example, he used newspapers that supported his ideas during the presidential race, and during the Intolerable Acts, he recommended a "Day of Fasting and Prayer", using religion to emotionally bring Americans together and towards an anti-monarchical end to the war with Britain. As politicians often "talk too much and listen too little" (36), Jefferson was always attentive to the needs and concerns of other people, easily connecting to everyone he spoke with, utilizing his extensive knowledge. Even throughout and after his presidency, he was a remarkably social, humble, and approachable person, always open to talking to anyone. Despising confrontation, Jefferson tried at all costs to stay out of it. He strived for peace between himself and the country, government, and his social circles. He would frequently host dinners with all different colleagues, believing that there would be less conflict with people who ate and socialized together. Despite this, he was not afraid to go to war if necessary for his country, although preferring to exhaust all better choices first, like his embargo against the British in 1808. One of Jefferson's weaknesses was public speaking, and being aware of this, he worked at excelling in the written word. His greatest written work for America being the Declaration of Independence, where he showed how his powerful and graceful writing could move an entire country.
ReplyDeleteJefferson effectively exercised the art of power as he mastered the art of people skills, attained the confidence to do so (mostly), proved very adaptable, and wrote exceptionally well. Jefferson exhibited brilliant people skills in numerous fashions. Especially during his tenure as president, Jefferson had a very laid-back, easygoing appearance. He dressed in old clothes and slippers to be more approachable to the wide variety of guests he entertained (this is also a huge bonus because it conveys the impression that Jefferson was in-touch with the people in a genuine way). Jefferson understood that relating to his followers would make them that much more likely to respect and understand him; however, he still needed to elevate himself to make it clear he was the leader. This he achieved by displaying insatiable interest in a wide array of subject areas, from philosophy to zoology to gardening. This built up his intelligent, progressive, and wise ethos to the people; his friendly manner prevented this ethos from detaching him too much. Jefferson’s desire to evade conflict also enhanced his people skills and execution of power in general. This tendency, combined with his friendly demeanor, made his presidential dinners very successful. He would only invite members of one faction to dine with him, and the notion of eating at a table lessened pre-existing hatred. This softened the hostility of even extreme Federalists. His avoidance of confrontation also served as an effective political tool. As opposed to wasting his valuable time arguing (which usually goes nowhere), possibly damaging his reputation, and making enemies, Jefferson negotiated behind the scenes and stealthily realized his goals. Jefferson augmented his leadership with confidence that his actions were always in the interest of good, even if he was sensitive to criticism. Rarely did Jefferson exhibit cautiousness—the most notable example being the British invasion of Virginia during his tenure as governor. Here Jefferson catered too much to the possibilities of public reaction by being hesitant to authorize troops to combat the British (he had received so many false alarms he had dismissed the real one). Jefferson used the lesson learned here to execute his most influential achievements decades down the road. One application of this experience was the preservation of the Republican Party in the 1790s. Despite general popular support for the Federalists and a Federalist-dominated government, Jefferson held fast with his anti-monarchical, democratic views. The Republican Party became a powerful force to reckon with and eventually triumphed over Federalism. Another use of this lesson was the Louisiana Purchase. The Purchase “expanded the powers of the executive in way that would likely have driven Jefferson to distraction had another man been president” (391), though he might never have finalized one of the most lucrative deals in American history had he worried about being completely faithful to principle and preventing any possible public outcry. The previous examples also highlight Jefferson’s adaptability and ability to reconcile his thoughts with reality. Jefferson frequently capitalized on his past experiences and mistakes (the time at William and Mary and the Day of Fasting and Prayer are two of many examples) and applied them to the present situation. Working off all of his knowledge and using this method consistently allowed Jefferson to run effectively. Jefferson knew when to rely on principle and when to deviate. Such an ability is a rarity among politicians. It is very easy for factional rhetoric to sweep up the politician and obscure potentially useful means, but Jefferson resisted the currents, even if it was unpopular with contemporaries or future generations. Lastly, Jefferson was an extraordinary writer. His talent for it further enhanced his ethos in the eyes of his many readers and served as a means to accomplish his desires. Jefferson deftly understood and executed the art of power throughout his entire life.
ReplyDeleteI like how you wrote a significant amount about Jefferson's exceptional people skills. I think that is a very important point to make that Jefferson's ability to connect with the people was in itself a way that he exercised the "art of power". I appreciate that you mentioned Jefferson's use of ethos in his writing. All of the points you made are examples of how Jefferson connected to the citizens, and reminded them that he himself was a citizen who wanted nothing more than for his nation to thrive. You only briefly mentioned how Jefferson's writing skills contributed to how he exercised the art of power, though, and I think his writing skill was one of his most important qualities. As a man with a weak voice and a lack of comfortability with making speeches, Jefferson's writing was his prime way of gaining supporters and wielding power and control (which were very important to him). His ability to word speeches, laws, and letters in the most precise way is how he managed to move the nation in a forward direction: in a direction of republicanism and liberty.
DeleteThomas Jefferson effectively exercised the art of power by employing his social skills to present his views and ideas to his high class contemporaries, applying his vast knowledge of literature and the sciences, and using his powerful writing to communicate with the public. When he was young, Jefferson constantly looked up to his father, and was expected to follow in his footsteps as a widely respected aristocrat. Jefferson made many important connections with the future of America’s government using his charming personality and good manners. These particular skills were especially important when Jefferson was acting as a diplomat in Paris during the beginnings of the French Revolution. He negotiated commercial treaties with the French to help American producers and manufactures get ahead on the world market. Just like his father, Jefferson was a respected man partly due to his intellect. Jefferson dedicated hours every day to the study of history, literature, science, and foreign language. The study of these subjects, especially history, made Jefferson a better leader. Thomas Jefferson did have some weaknesses, and one of them was a lack of eloquence when making a public statement or arguing in a live debate. To overcome this weakness, Jefferson perfected the art of writing argumentative essays and articles to express his opinion. In some ways, this style of communicating was more effective than public speaking because the articles that Jefferson wrote were able to reach a wide and diverse audience. For example, Jefferson published anonymous articles in a French newspaper to help change Europe’s opinion America as an emerging power on the global scale.
ReplyDeleteThomas Jefferson used both his mind and his actions to master the “art of power”. As Jefferson advanced in his political career he became more well-known and gained more power, but he was careful about how he used it. Although Jefferson had great conversational skills, he was also aware of how much he voiced his opinions in political meetings. John Adams believed Jefferson greatly benefited from keeping quiet because he believed “ a public speaker who inserts himself, or is urged by others…to justify his measures and answer the objections of opponents, makes himself too familiar with the public, and unavoidably makes himself enemies” (89). Jefferson knew when he needed to be heard, and when it was better to just keep quiet. When Jefferson had guests over his house, he was also careful to “project his power without being showy about it” (362) by maneuvering his ideas into conversations. Another way Jefferson demonstrated the “art of power” was by knowing what causes were worth fighting. For example, although Jefferson wanted to abolish slavery, he “was not going to risk all for what he believed was a cause whose time had not yet come” (174). Since Jefferson considered which causes were worth fighting for, he was able to concentrate on certain issues that he believed were the most important, like the Declaration of Independence. By writing this document Jefferson was able to put his philosophy and ideas into action. By translating his thoughts into actions he was effectively using the “art of power”. Jefferson embodied the “art of power” by being aware of how much he spoke in conversations and by using his power carefully for matters that were most important.
ReplyDelete“ A Renaissance figure who was formidable without seeming overbearing, sparkling without being showy, winning without appearing cloying” (xxiii). This quote from the Prologue is an accurate description of a man who effectively exercised the “art of power”. Following in the footsteps of his father, Jefferson studied a multitude of subjects that helped him evolve into the consummate politician; capable of cultivating relationships with both the lawmakers and the common folk he encountered throughout his career. His success as a politician can also be attributed to his ability to know his limitations. As many of my classmates have previously stated, Jefferson had a weakness in public speaking and debate. He learned to compensate for these shortcomings by writing his thoughts and opinions in letters and articles, many of which were published and some which resulted in great pieces of history such as the Declaration of Independence. For the most part, his strategy worked brilliantly: “The Jefferson style – cultivate his elders, make himself pleasant to his contemporaries, and used his pen and his intellect to shape the debate – arm him well for the national arena.” As an added benefit, this approach enabled him to reach a larger audience and “watch his mouth” more carefully so as to not upset the public.
ReplyDeleteJefferson was born and raised with the tools to successfully exercise the art of power, “he was raised to wield power” (4). He came from a lineage of great, successful men. He became an influential leader in part because of the people that surrounded him as a child, including his father whom he idolized, and his mother who helped form his respect for women. Coming from a wealthy, respected family, he never doubted he would follow this path. He was exposed to hunting, gambling and horses as well as music, literature and culture. Jefferson became a student of life and developed a passion for learning. This desire for education led him to seek out and befriend several influential mentors who would help mold young Jefferson.
ReplyDeleteAs a young boy, Jefferson’s most influential years may have been those he spent living at the Randolph estate. Jefferson and his family moved there for several years because his father was fulfilling a promise to William Randolph, his wife’s cousin. Living with the Randolph children in their home, Jefferson learned to keep the peace. “Spending some formative years in a house not his own” (9), he learned how to avoid conflict with his combined family. “Jefferson emerged from his childhood devoted to avoiding conflict at just about any cost” (10). This became very useful in his political career. For example when President Washington asked then Secretary of State Jefferson to return to France, Jefferson declined with numerous compliments and was able to get what he wanted without angering Washington. “It was not an easy thing to do, to defy George Washington, but Jefferson’s subtlety enabled him to assert his own will…in such a seemingly gracious way that Washington was unable to counterattack.” (270)
An important tool Jefferson used to avoid conflict was utilizing others to get controversial messages out for him. Being a master communicator, he could get his friends to spread his ideas to the public. An example of this would be Jefferson’s relationship with James Callender, a newspaperman. Callender, “whom Jefferson had supported financially” (323) in exchange would go around and denounce John Adams, who was running against Jefferson for president.
Due to his lineage, role models and mentors, ability to connect with people, and his strategic avoidance of conflicts, Jefferson was a master of the art of power.
I believe Thomas Jefferson effectively exercises the art of power when he makes the deal for the Louisiana territory. The relationships between all the countries changed when France and Spain signed the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso. France has now become more of a threat to the U.S. with this new territory they have gained. So it put Jefferson in a tight spot, Meacham states "Jefferson was not sanguine: "the inevitable consequences of such a neighborhood,"(384). Now earlier on in the book Meacham says " Jefferson sought, acquired , and wielded power, which is the bending of the world to one's will, the remaking of reality in one's own image."(xxpro.). He did just that in this situation. Meacham describes how Jefferson drew from past experiences to control the situation at hand. He took control of the mechanics of the decision by sending Monroe a man he trusted to paris. He communicated to the public in a way that would rally them behind the cause, and most importantly he took the initiative. By learning from his past experiences he was able to remake "reality in one's own will."(xx). Meacham earlier mentioned "A slower or less courageous politician might have bungled the the acquisition; an overly idealistic one might have lost it by insisting on strict constitutional scruples."(384). So i truly believe this is an example of how Jefferson effectively exercised the art of power.
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ReplyDeleteThomas Jefferson believed in power, the political power, intellectual power, domestic power, and the power of mastering the world to his liking. Jefferson was a man who valued the mastering of all these powers. During his presidency, Jefferson asked for power while hiding his role in getting that power. He used friends and allies to help him gain it, so to not threaten the democratic ethos of the country. He found it better to work through allies, as to not alarm the nation. He took the power the presidency gave him, and usually exercised it quietly, but he did exercise it. Jefferson also applied his own unique power, which was the power of personal relations. Jefferson was a man who rather disliked loud, showy, upfront confrontations, so to gather people to his cause he would invite them to a presidential dinner. Through these dinners he had he was able to bend people to his own vision. He governed personally, and he left the White House’s doors open, knowing that the presidents attention meant a lot to a politician. Overall, Jefferson art of power was to govern silently and effectively, until all the changes he wanted where made.
ReplyDeleteOne was Jefferson was able to achieve that art of power with his vast knowledge Jefferson always valued learning, and spent most of his childhood studying. Whether it was science, history or a different language, Jefferson was always yearning to learn. This vast knowledge helped Jefferson exercise power when he got older. When faced with a problem, Jefferson always had the tools to solve the problem. One example was when he made the embargo in 1807. Jefferson wanted to go to war with Great Britain because of the attack on the USS Chesapeake, but from his knowledge of history, was able to prevent war and use the best option for the United States. Jefferson was a politician who was a philosopher at heart. When in power, Jefferson was able to think like a philosopher, but act like a politician. "Broadly put, philosophers think; politicians maneuver. Jefferson's genius was that he was both and could do both, often simultaneously" (xx). Most politicians often act too quickly or do the wrong thing, but Jefferson was able to think about his actions and always do what he thought was best for his country. The embargo of 1807 is once again a good example of this. Jefferson initially wanted to go to war, but he thought it through with the knowledge he contained and decided that war was not the correct option. Other politicians would not think this fully through and go with their initial instincts, and often make the incorrect decision.
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ReplyDeleteThe art of power, to me, means how skillfully one uses power to their advantage. Thomas Jefferson was extraordinary at this. He worked his way up in politics, so much so that he became the third president of the United States. Perhaps he was able to do this because, as Meacham states, he was a "... master of emotional and political manipulation..." (xxiii). He used these skills to gain power, and further more used them to maintain it. Utilizing his charm and ability to befriend people, as well as his exceptional writing skills, Jefferson pushed his way to the top. He used his power to give the people of America more say in their individual lives (apparent in the Declaration of Independence), thus not only in turn giving himself more power, but also winning the admiration of the people. Wielding his dominance over others to the best of his ability, Thomas Jefferson effectively exercises the art of power as he is able to employ his authority in order to advance in politics and there fore gain even more control.
ReplyDeleteJefferson effectively used the art of power to successfully lead the United States based on his past experiences in his life. His "two terms in the President's house is one of a life-long student of control and power bringing all of his virtues and vices to the largest possible stage" (351). The definition of "the art of power" is simply put as taking everything you have learned in the past and using it to your very best when able to. Jefferson learned strong virtues early on when he was growing up, never wasting a second lazing about. He even had the belief that laziness was a sin, spending all of his time reading, studying, and learning valuable skills, which shaped his mind and gave him a likable personality as well as the ability to talk about anything. From there he knew how to engage people in conversation and understood their beliefs.
ReplyDeleteNow when it came to politics, Jefferson started out by listening to speakers in the House of Burgesses in 1765 such as Patrick Henry, and by doing this, he learned the basic fundamentals of his political values that he built up from all of his experience. By the time he became president, he understood how to govern his people and fellow acquaintances, because he had been in the same boat before. Due to all of his time "spent in the Confederation Congress and presiding over the Senate for four years as Vice President, Jefferson appreciated how to handle lawmakers, for he had been one himself" (362).
Now as everyone knew, Jefferson was very power-hungry, but the most important thing to him was the world of politics. To exercise the art of power, you must be immersed in what you do best. When Jefferson "retired" in Monticello, he realized that he could not just sit back and no longer contribute to governing the world. He was convinced that his own happiness requires that he "should continue to mix with the world, and to keep pace with it as it goes; and that every person who retires from free communication with it is severely punished afterwards by state of mind into which they get, and which can only be prevented by feeding our social principles" (292). His life was politics, and once he was invested, he could not turn back. The virtue of always accomplishing something was present there as he came back from his temporary retirement to become President of the United States. Jefferson successfully used all of the previous things he learned in his life to effectively lead his country in the way that he felt best.
Jefferson’s power stems from his focus on ideals while remaining pragmatic and his ability to manipulate interactions with other people for his own purposes. Jefferson thought much about the Enlightenment and idolized several of its philosophers. These thinkers’ ideas became a base for the ideology that Jefferson used to direct the country. He also added another component: pragmatism. Jefferson always did what he thought was best for his country. At some points he overstepped his power as President, but it was always when there was no alternative that would achieve the same result. Finally, the main source of his ability to implement his goals was his popularity. Jefferson was well liked because he acted as one of the people. Throughout his time in office, he hosted informal dinners that allowed him to speak directly with constituents. Most of them had a more positive view of Jefferson after their conversation; he was a very good conversationalist and did his best to make the person he was talking to feel important. Even though he first won the election for President narrowly, four years later he won his reelection decisively. His popularity gave him the ability to do what he wanted, his idealism gave him a purpose, and his pragmatism made him willing to do what was necessary.
ReplyDeleteThomas Jefferson masterfully showed his ability to exercise the art of power both in office and at home in Monticello. Part of this art is Jefferson's situational awareness; for example, the Louisiana purchase was a huge outstretch of Jefferson's power as president, but because of the situation, it was a good decision. In everyday presidency Jefferson worked to limit the powers of the government. At Monticello, Jefferson seemed to treat his slaves fairly well (considering the era) even though nothing forced him to. However, when a slave stepped out of line he rebuked with more force than was necessary which taught the slave never to step out of line. This ability to make decisions based on his situation is truly Jeffersons art. Dressing down to meet house guests at the white house to show that he was an average person, or purposefully meeting specific politicians at specific times for dinner and charming them, Jefferson artfully mastered his power.
ReplyDeleteThomas Jefferson demonstrated his grasp on the art of power even early on in his career through his connections and charisma. Jefferson seemed to have known and befriend the right people: at one time, he had dinner with a plethora of important people, including John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, Henry Knox, and Edmund Randolph (259). Having connections, especially in the world of politics, is necessary. Without friends in high places, or without the charisma to make these types of friends, an aspiring politician could struggle. This, however, was not the case for Jefferson. He was close with a number of politicians and made a good impression on them.
ReplyDeleteJefferson knew how to use rhetoric to his advantage as well, which helped him master the art of power. His inaugural address is the best example of this. Although delivering the speech in a weak voice (348), he used his knowledge of the rhetorical appeals to effectively deliver the speech to his audience. Jefferson used the rhetorical appeal of ethos by bringing both the audience and himself together. Throughout the address, he uses phrases such as, "fellow-citizens" and sentences such as "we are all Republicans, we are all Federalists" to signify unity, which proved very effective (349). Not only did Thomas Jefferson's connections and personality help him master the art of power, but his rhetorical skill as well, which in turn made him an effective leader.
Thomas Jefferson was not a charismatic leader. Instead, he was soft-spoken. He hardly spoke in public and when he did it was concise and to the point. In personal conversations, Jefferson could easily connect with people because of his extensive knowledge of many subjects. It was in these conversations that Jefferson would subtly slip his ideas to other people. He was energetic and passionate about his bold ideas.
ReplyDeleteJefferson exercised the art of power by avoiding making enemies and conflict. He hosted parties in his home open to neighbors and friends. However, he would never invite people from different political parties to the same gathering. That way he avoided the possible conflicts in conversation. Jefferson made friends at his gatherings and anywhere he could. He did everything he could to better understand the people around him in order to be a better leader.
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DeleteI completely agree with this statement. Thomas Jefferson was able to master the "Art of Power", and being soft spoken definitely benefited him. Instead of spewing out his opinion and creating arguments like many at the time did, he held back most of the time. This made Jefferson more intriguing and when he did speak, like Annie said above, he was "concise and to the point" and not only that he always had a new fresh idea. His knowledge and intelligence was what captivated people. He mostly showed this through his writing. Jefferson was able to convey such passion and influence in his writings, from the Declaration of Independence, to the Summary View of the Rights of British America. Through his writing, he spoke for the unheard voices of the American people. I also agree with Annie's point that Jefferson's ability to be social with others gained him more friends then enemies and certainly kept him out of conflicts. Meacham states, "He was a political man in the purist sense of terms. He lived among others, engaged in the business of living in the community and enjoyed being at the center of everything no matter what everything was" (23). Hosting parties and being social with different political parties gave Jefferson a somewhat neutral stance, gaining respect from everyone. He always wanted to do what was best for the people and being able to live among them and communicate with them was extremely important to Jefferson. This allowed him to converse his ideas and opinions with others, creating many friendships with many politicians and non politicians. These relationships definitely gave him support in becoming more and more influential in the government, allowing him to not only be the Governor of Virginia, but also the third President of the United States.
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DeleteThomas Jefferson successfully excercized the art of power through social interactions and his knowledge. "The work of his conscious life had been the accumulation of knowledge , the broadening of his mind, and the formation of ideas about liberty, law, and how one ought to live." 76 Thomas Jefferson knew he was going to be a leader and follow in his fathers footsteps from the very beginning and this lead him to prepare himself. all of this knowledge and thse social skills that he had allowed him to swindel npeople in such a way to make them do what he wants. he gained friends in high places through his social charisma. although he was not such a great public speaker he always got to the point and had something important to say. Jefferson also valued learning above all else as a child so all of these mental tools combine is what made Thomas Jefferson such a great leader and gave him the Art Of Power.
ReplyDeleteThomas Jefferson was an intellectual and political man, a builder and a fighter. Jon Meacham shows us the ways in which Jefferson effectively exercised the “art of power”. Jefferson was a father, husband, friend and a role model to many. He had many talents such as being a gifted writer and being able to fluently speak five languages. Jefferson was an educated man of his word who hardly ever gave up on something he believed in. He had little tolerance for critics, but always looked out for the best interest for the common man. For example, although it was against his principles of the conservative government to purchase the Louisiana territory, he wanted to pursue the opportunity for the good of the country. He also wanted to seize the opportunity before Napoleon changed his mind and sold it over to England instead. Like all people, Jefferson learned from his mistakes and experiences and grew as a person because of them. The purchase of the Louisiana territory however turned out to be one of Jefferson’s greatest decisions and was the best thing for the United States at the time. Jefferson successfully balanced his work, family, and play and used his leadership skills to lead our nation in a better direction.
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ReplyDeleteJefferson is introduced from the very beginning of the book as a man who is built to exercise “the art of power”. Meacham writes, “Broadly put, philosophers think; politicians maneuver. Jefferson’s genius was that he was both and could do both, often simultaneously. Such is the art of power (xx).” Jefferson was found to be a hybrid in many areas of life, particularly in qualities that would benefit his political career. At the core, his appearance was flawlessly crafted for a leader of men. “To be tall and forbidding might command respect for a time, but not affection. To be overly familiar might command affection for a time, but not respect. Jefferson was the rare leader who stood out from the crowd without intimidating it. His bearing gave him unusual opportunities to make the thoughts in his head the work of his hands, transforming the world around him from what it was to what he thought it ought to be (xxi).” Equipped with these foundational features, Jefferson had the tools he required to shape the world the way he wanted it to be.
ReplyDeleteOne example of this is Jefferson’s involvement in the Louisiana Purchase. He understood the possible threat if the French controlled New Orleans so he used his power and past experience to secure the territory for the United States. As Meacham wrote, “The story of the Louisiana Purchase is one of strength, of Jefferson’s adaptability and, most important, his determination to secure the territory from France, doubling the size of the country and transforming the United States into a continental power. A slower or less courageous politician might have bungled the acquisition; an overly idealistic one might have lost it by insisting on strict constitutional scruples. Jefferson, however, was neither slow nor weak nor overly idealistic (384).” Jefferson had three requirements to be successful that he drew from past experience, “he needed control the mechanics of decision”, “he needed to communicate in way to rally the public”, and “he knew he needed to seize the initiative when he could” (384). With these goals in mind, he sent James Monroe to France as an envoy and awaited the results. On July 3, 1803 Jefferson received a letter saying that the United States now controls all of Louisiana. This is one of the most significant instances where Thomas Jefferson successfully exercised the art of power.
Thomas Jefferson best displays his mastery of the art of power in his ability to gain and maintain control. Famous for his need to be in control of a situation, Jefferson exercised control in all aspects of his life, both personal and political. According to Meacham, Jefferson’s degree of control was evident in his home life. From the cleanliness of his horse’s saddle, to the personalities of the animals themselves, Jefferson demanded nothing short of perfection. A grandson of his once said that he subdued the free will of any steed he rode with “... fearless application of the whip on the slightest manifestation of restiveness.” (290).
ReplyDeleteA prime example of Jefferson’s ability to control a situation took place during a disagreement between two ferrymen, that he believed threatened the safety of his daughter. Jefferson took action and exercised his power to control a situation that he believed might be endangering someone he loved.
The same applied to his country, which he loved dearly and sought to protect. Upon entering the White House, Jefferson’s trademark control did not dwindle. He immediately went about sending a memo to his cabinet on precisely how the government should be run and insisting that he should be in the know about everything. Jefferson wanted to be informed and, in the style of George Washington, be in “... accurate possession of all the facts and proceedings in every part of the Union...” (359). By seizing control of a situation immediately and quickly establishing himself as the man in charge, Jefferson was able to exercise “the art of power” in all quadrants of his life, from personal to political.
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ReplyDeleteThroughout his life, Thomas Jefferson faced many trials and tribulations which he overcame in an almost strategic fashion, becoming one of the most powerful men of his time. Even as a young man, Jefferson was immensely intrigued with the ability of certain people to influence the world around them, so he constantly pursued a higher caliber of knowledge than he was in possession of by means of reading, visiting the House of Burgesses, and seeking out new political opportunities. Because of this knowledge, Jefferson was able to appear to people as a very charming and sociable man, thus making fast connections in high places with people like Patrick Henry,John Adams, and Francis Fauquier. Once in power, Jefferson achieved his goals in a tactical manner as a delegate to the General Assembly in Williamsburg, “He moved carefully in Williamsburg, first introducing bills in order to test ‘the strength of the general pulse of reformation’...Jefferson pressed on-but only after becoming sure of his ground.”(Pg. 121) With this careful approach to getting his way, Thomas Jefferson achieved great things in politics.
ReplyDeleteThomas Jefferson was, in part, a successful leader because he was able to utilize the art of power. Jefferson knew his own strengths and weaknesses. This helped him to always present himself in the best light possible. This is seen in the way that Jefferson knew himself to be a poor public speaker and preferred to write and publish his opinions instead. This subtle manipulation of the masses forced his audience to skip what would have been a subpar speech and be captivated, instead, by his way with the written word. Also, never being one to actively seek out arguments Jefferson tried to allow those around him to hold on to their own personal opinions without opposing them no matter how wrong he believed them to be. He brought this hatred of fights into his political career and usually tried to look for a way to diffuse a situation through a peaceful compromise, like when he was able to avoid testifying for Burr's trial by sending helpful documents instead. This trait is the mark of a strong leader; someone who is able to hear others out without forcing his opinion on them. This also allowed him to stay on relatively good terms with other politicians who could oppose his idea while still respect him.
ReplyDeleteAn effective leader is one that accomplishes tasks, and does so in an efficient manner. An effective leader exercises the “art of power”, essentially the skillful wielding of power to accomplish tasks. Thomas Jefferson effectively used this “art of power”. He effectively used “art of power”, using it to efficiently accomplish what he wanted. Jefferson demonstrated this “art of power” by quietly using power to get what he wanted. “…while he usually exercised his power quietly, he did exercise it, keeping himself in command of the executive branch and making his wishes known to his allies in Congress.” (p.364) This quote shows how Jefferson quietly used his power, while staying in control of the executive branch and exerting influence over Congress. His influence over other branches was another way he used the “art of power”. “Congress fell into Jefferson’s hands…” Meacham states, showing how Jefferson had influence over the legislative branch. Jefferson also put the people in power he wanted in power. Jefferson removed many Federalist judges put in before his time as president and replaced them with his own choices. Jefferson’s influence over the three branches allowed him to effectively use and exercise the art of power.
ReplyDeleteIn history there have been many great speakers who could rouse the masses to come together for certain momentous causes. An example is Abraham Lincoln, whose short speech at Gettysburg inspired the North. Thomas Jefferson was not one of these men, he had a weak voice that did not carry. So instead of giving grand speeches, he had to rely on other means to get the political power he craved. He mastered the written word, conveying his passion and pride in his eloquently written pieces, as seen in the Declaration of Independence. Through his writing, Jefferson gained power and prestige along with the admiration of his fellow Americans. Always the true master of the art of power, even those he could not win over with his writing he could manipulate on a different level through carefully worded private conversations. Jefferson was everything a good leader should be, he was firm in his beliefs yet willing to listen to new ideas and he genuinely cared for the people as shown when he sent two hundred dollars anonymously to the victims of a devastating fire. Thomas Jefferson was able to mold himself into an ideal and effective leader by listening to the needs of the people.
ReplyDeleteWhile I agree that Jefferson exercised “the art of power” through his translation of innovative ideas in the form of eloquent writing, I believe partial credit should be given to his fascination with Enlightenment thinkers and love for learning. In addition, Jefferson was also able to find a balance between philosophy and politics. Jefferson’s outlook on the subject of governing was, “philosophers think; politicians maneuver.” That being said, Jefferson was able to do both and find a healthy balance between the two. Jefferson also had a certain, “creative flexibility” meaning he was able to solve problems with innovative reasoning: a characteristic unique to Jefferson himself.
DeleteAdditionally, Jefferson was “constantly learning, experiencing, experimenting, tasting, living.” (91) Jefferson’s love of learning and desire to push the limits of humankind to keep evolving politically and socially helped distinguish Jefferson from his associates. His broad palette made him stand out against those he came in contact with, making him a memorable character. To put it simply, Thomas Jefferson loved life.
Jefferson’s unorthodox views forced people to think due to the philosophical boundaries Jefferson overstepped. Thomas Jefferson also sincerely believed in humanity and “in the virtues of civility” (272). Jefferson truly wanted what was best for America and the people, despite criticism and selfish accusations. His belief in civil duty, the power of knowledge and his “profound faith in the people” contributed to his successful yielding of power. He believed in potential, and strived to fulfill the duties and expectations he upheld.
Thomas Jefferson exercised "the art of power" using his writing and his ability to get along with others.
ReplyDeleteLike others have said in this blog, Jefferson wasn't a particularly demonstrative person, but rather a quiet, calm intellectual who conveyed his thoughts through his writing. The most famous example of this is the Declaration of Independence, in which the soft-spoken Jefferson crafted a poignant, revolutionary document which would forever alter the destiny of the thirteen colonies.
His writing aside, Jefferson skillfully made meaningful friendships throughout his life, and these connections allowed Jefferson to ascend to positions of power. For example, the friendships Jefferson built with his professors at William and Mary combined with his diligence in his studies provided Jefferson a gateway to a successful career as a circuit lawyer and politician. After this, Jefferson was appointed to the 2nd Continental Congress and once again able to make an invaluable connection, as he befriended John Adams. This friendship lead to Jefferson being nominated to draft the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson's career continued to progress, and ultimately he became president.
However, when he was able to get in these positions of power, Jefferson did not disappoint, as he "artfully" used his power to make decisions which would accomplish a great deal for this country.
So, using his intellect and ability to interact with other intellectuals, Jefferson was able to gain influence and power, and once he gained this power, Jefferson would leave a lasting impact on our nation, as he is responsible for our independence from Great Britain, doubling the size of the USA, exploring the western territory, among other remarkable achievements.
I agree completely with both of Garret’s points in that Jefferson demonstrated the art of wielding power through his poignant writing and thoughtful connections with others. Jefferson applied his expansive base of knowledge into his writing, which become one of his greatest strengths in his politics. Early on in his career, Jefferson stood out as a deftly skilled writer as shown in his authorship of the Declaration of Independence Composing the document, “flowed naturally from his character and his convictions (103),” corroborating Jefferson’s talent both as a writer and as a politician in understanding how to present such essential concepts. Meacham summarizes the art in how Jefferson exercised the power of his writing as, “He wrote beautifully of the pursuit of the perfect, but he knew good when he saw it (214).” Jefferson understood the importance of outlining the ideals in his writing but also accepted the impossibility in completely adhering to the doctrines he set forth. Though a skillful with the written language, Jefferson lacked the talent as an orator. What Jefferson lacked in eloquence of public speaking, he made up for in his clear, direct approach. Although often described as a silent member in Congress, Jefferson spoke with a concise clarity, a refreshing contrast to the rambling spiels from his political equals. Jefferson’s quieter approach as a public speaker earned him respect among politicians such as Adams who classed Jefferson with Ben Franklin and George Washington, outstanding politicians widely liked by the public. Along with his connection with John Adams, as Garret described, Adams also gained political strength in his relationship with James Madison. Madison remained a consultant to Jefferson throughout his career, serving often as an, “affectionate, respectful, discreet check on his episodic flights of philosophy (226).” Madison balanced out Jefferson and strengthened his impact on politics by, “reminding him-deftly-of his own core convictions about the limits of politics, the imperfections of government, and the realities of human nature (226).” Throughout his political career, Thomas Jefferson effectively exercised the “art of power” in his talented writing, and important connections with others.
DeleteTo master the “Art of Power,” Thomas Jefferson wielded the power of art. According to Meacham, the task of an 18th century politician “was to bring reality and policy into the greatest possible accord with the ideal and the principled”(114). Jefferson’s specialty was “using words to transform principle into policy”(114), so a political occupation fit him amicably, especially in the era of change he lived through. When many Americans recall the grandeur of the early political system of this country, they recall the eloquence of soapbox speeches. In contrast, “When it came to the spoken word, Jefferson knew that he could not compete in arenas with such men” so he changed his strategies because “politicians often talk too much and listen too little, which can be self-defeating, for in many cases the surer route to winning a friend is not to convince them that you are right but that you care what they think.” Jefferson knew that “The best political figures creates the impression that they find everyone they encounter…‘one of the choice ones of the earth’”(36). Jefferson knew he had opponents with more articulate tongues, so he instead chose to emphasize his strengths and “…make himself pleasant to his contemporaries, and use his pen and his intellect to shape the debate”(86). Jefferson was a master conversationalist, and he made it his mission to engage in personal conversation with both his enemies and his allies, for in politics he knew that these categories are always fluid. Jefferson had a supernatural ability to move the masses with the ink that spilled from his pen, and combined with his people skills and excellence in a myriad of subjects, he was destined to be a trailblazer
ReplyDeleteThomas Jefferson was indeed a man who exercised the art of power effectively and displayed his ability to do so during his often during his Presidency. Jefferson was opposed to conflict, which, not always being a good thing, would lead “some people to believe Jefferson agreed with them when in fact, he was seeking to avoid conflict.” (xxiv) Jefferson’s animosity toward conflict, though, keeps him from launching his country into unnecessary ones. After a British vessel fired on the USS Chesapeake in 1807, the country was united in outrage toward the Britain. Federalists appeared at Jefferson’s annual levee and “mingled with perfect cordiality with their republican brethren” (426). Jefferson recognized the importance of such an act and took the countries state of affairs into his own hands. He immediately banned armed British ships from US waters and eventually instated an embargo on British trade. Although the embargo was frowned upon as one of Jefferson’s lesser decisions, it was preferable to a war (like the one that resulted in 1812), and Jefferson “was willing to fight. But he believed Congress would prefer an embargo first.” (428)
ReplyDeleteDuring his presidency, Jefferson had to sometimes overstep constitutional boundaries to do what was best for the country. An example of this during the 1807 war frenzy: Jefferson unilaterally ordered state governors to ready militias and purchase ammunitions. He “’deemed it indispensable to secure a greater provision of those articles of military stores with which our magazines were not sufficiently furnished.’” He knew that congress would approve his decision afterward. The most prominent example of Jefferson overstepping constitutional boundaries though is when he made the Louisiana Purchase. Napoleon offered him a deal of the Louisiana territory, an area that would double the size of the United States at the time, for a price of three cents per acre. The purchase was executed without debate on the part of congress, even though the acquisition of such a territory was not technically a power given to them by the constitution. Despite this, Jefferson still made the purchase because it was in the best interests of the country, and “With such momentous things afoot, it was foolish to worry over constitutional niceties.” (391)
The Art of Power: the ability to think as a philosopher and act as a politician. This requires a politician to have a love and a wealth of knowledge. Jefferson understood the practical uses of a knowledge of history, he believed that, "History was 'philosophy teaching by examples' history, then, mattered enormously, for it could repeat itself at any time in any generation." (28) Jefferson also knew that he was not the best public speaker so he adapted, "when it came to the spoken word, Jefferson knew that he could not compete in such arenas with such men... he learned to write with grace, with conviction, and -- important in revolutionary time -- with speed" (36) Jefferson also understood that it was important to engage with peoples emotions, this is shown in his "adoption of the Day of Fasting and Prayer" (71) Jefferson was not a religious man, in any sense of the word, his use of faith to aide the revolutionary appeal showed that he knew the power of religion, and knew how to use it. Lastly, although history is important Jefferson also had a desire to know things that were happening at the moment, "Jefferson, meanwhile could never know too much. Ten days after his election to the national Congress, he asked a delegate to the Virginian General Assembly at Richmond to keep him minutely informed about state politics" (160). Jefferson's vast expanse of information and ability to react upon it makes him the poster boy for the Art of Power.
ReplyDeleteThrough the use of powerful rhetoric and compromise, Jefferson was able to win people's trust and exercise "the art of power." Though at first unsure of himself, Jefferson broke into the political scene influenced by men who were able to persuade others through their words. Jefferson learned to do the same, not through spoken, but written word. Jefferson's powerful command of language enabled him to effectively persuade others through letters or documents such as the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson also disliked conflict. Though he was always set on obtaining more power and of reaching his overarching goals, he was willing to compromise to avoid direct confrontation. He found that by taking small steps, in time, he was able to reach most of his goals. These small steps avoided the conflict that would have accompanied sudden change, which Jefferson knew. Though not an outstanding public speaker, Jefferson charmed in private conversations, and was able to persuade by speaking privately to those whom he wished to persuade. Through his command of language and his dislike of conflict, Jefferson was able to use the "art of power" effectively.
ReplyDeleteCommunication and compromise are essential to effective leadership. This combination with charisma and personal experience renders a leader of the highest quality; Jefferson epitomizes these traits himself. His particular skill set converged with certain events at a time of tremendous purpose, thereby propelling him into the historical stratosphere in the minds of many. Despite his afore mentioned flaws, he was able to execute a great deal throughout his political career. Within the context of Meacham's definition, he wielded the "the art of power" with resounding success. Jefferson exercised political alliances to his advantage, "[believing] in the politics of a personal relationship" (238). His conversational skills were unsurpassable. So adept was he, that he used his talents through creative means; hosting intimate dinners customarily reserved for the closest of friends, he courted allies and adversaries alike, thereby extracting the commitments needed to carry out his plans. These methods facilitated the compromise he sought from both sides. Jefferson gently maneuvered affairs, cleverly disguising his personal ambitions. Meacham asserts, "Jefferson understands a timeless truth: that politics is kaleidoscopic, constantly shifting, and the morning's foe may be the afternoon's friend" (112), and by reason of this, his legacy has long endured as a pillar of our democracy.
ReplyDeleteThomas Jefferson's mastery of principled compromise and open demeanor enabled him to effectively wield the "art of power". His politeness, caring appearance, and appetite for knowledge helped him earn many influential friends in his early life. These allies, such as lawyer George Wythe, opened many doors that would lead to his prosperity as a politician. Jefferson was able to artfully use his acquired power by manipulating people into agreeing with him via his philosophy of avoiding conflict. Jefferson non-aggressive behavior created calm, comfortable discussions, the perfect setting for people to open up to new ideas. Unlike countless other politicians of his time, Thomas listened more than he spoke, making people he indulged in conversation feel important. Furthermore, due to Jefferson's vast knowledge, he could create a deeper relationship with an individual by talking about topics that interested them, such as architecture, music, or hunting. Jefferson also used his power artfully when he would separate from his party's dogma in order to achieve great things for the American experiment, like with the Louisiana Purchase. Jefferson was one of the few men during his era to wield power artistically.
ReplyDeleteJefferson was a master in the "art of power" simply because he had the right tools to succeed in the republican government of the United States. These tools included his aversion to direct conflict and his ability to manipulate using his words and writing. Jefferson's philosophy of avoiding direct conflict was extremely successful, for the young United States was a battleground of opposing views. Jefferson could very well have been bogged down by challenging his opponents in public debates or the like; however, he recognized early on that no amount of arguing would change the minds of the opposition. Jefferson wisely chose to work behind the scenes, subtly achieving his own ends without causing a stir. This strategy took advantage of Jefferson's second tool: his adeptness with the written language. In using these tools, Jefferson was able to acquire and utilize a considerable amount of political power.
ReplyDeleteThomas Jefferson was so effective at exercising the art of power that many of his successors including: James Madison, James Monroe, Andrew Jackson, and Martin Van Buren, were influenced by him in some way or another. Believing in the people he was leading enabled him to lead them effectively. Jon Meacham states: "He thought Americans themselves capable of virtually anything they put their minds to." (16) This belief can be seen in many of the decisions Jefferson made about the future of America, and was vastly different than some of the other positions of the time, like Alexander Hamilton who thought of the public as a "unthinking multitude." (15) He had the ability to deal with the public and quickly get them on the same page as him without making many enemies. Meacham states the correct way to do this: "To write public papers or to negotiate quietly, away from the floor of an assembly or even away from a largish committee, enabled a politician to exert his will with less risk of creating animosity." (106)
ReplyDeleteThomas Jefferson very effectively wielded and exercised the art of power. He was very opposed to conflict and kept America from becoming involved in conflicts that could otherwise be avoided. A perfect example of this would be when British ships bombed the USS Chesapeake in 1807 and instead of entering a war with Britain he made sure that British ships were banned from US waters and eventually instituted a trade embargo on the British. Another example of him exercising the art of power would have to be when he made the Louisiana purchase from Napoleon Bonaparte at 3 cents per acre, double the size of the United States.He always was interested in powerful men who exercised influence over others and grew up to do just that. He masterfully created the Document of independence which is one of the most important documents in US history. Even with the criticism and scorn of politicians he was able to persevere and finish the document. just a testament to the amount of character that he had. Thomas Jefferson was a man who understood that power was a means to an end of most conflict and he exercised the art of power masterfully.
ReplyDeleteJefferson's understanding of his strengths and weaknesses was key to mastering the "art of power." Understanding that debate and conversation were weaknesses of his, Jefferson instead used his literary skills and rhetoric to get his arguments out, rather than heated debate in a newly forming country with strongly opposing views. By utilizing his writing strengths, Jefferson managed to persuade the public through many means. Jefferson understood public matters well, and was able to use these matters to his advantage, such as his creation of the Day of Fasting and Prayer: "For Jefferson, the decision to base a revolutionary appeal on religious grounds was expedient, reflecting more of an understanding of politics rather than a belief that the Lord God ...To frame an anti-British argument in the language of faith took the rhetorical fight to the enemy in a way difficult to combat" (71) Jefferson's ability to utilize his rhetorical writing while avoiding his shortcomings allowed him to achieve more than would have been otherwise possible.
ReplyDeleteIt is a simple task to wield power, but to exercise the “art of power” is a much more challenging burden, one that Thomas Jefferson achieved. From an early age Jefferson received an excellent education, which honed two very important skills required to obtain favorability. His eloquent writing expertise, and his ability to speak multiple languages aided him in wining over many people, and avoiding unnecessary conflict. Jefferson had a way of getting “his way without precipitating confrontation or a distracting crisis” (pg. 365). Jefferson was also able to accomplish his desired outcome in debates by pleasing the masses with his charisma. But his charm and social techniques alone did not bring Jefferson to positions of power. He also formed valuable connections that served him well all throughout his political career. Lastly, Jefferson was not perfect and did make mistakes, but he learned from his downfalls as to not repeat them. All of these traits combined allowed Jefferson to glide through his positions of power with ease, making his effective technique of handling power, an “art”.
ReplyDeleteThomas Jefferson knew what he was doing. He had a thirst for knowledge and a strong desire for control. These two categories turned Thomas Jefferson into a master when practicing the "art of power". He connected with people. He was polite, diligent, tall, and sophisticated. He knew how to argue in an elegant way in which politicians would still respect him afterwords. Everyone respected him because of how influential he was. He was loved and followed by the American people. He used his philosophy that he learned from inspirations like John Locke to tell the American people how the United States should govern. He wanted it to govern with liberty, he did not want to see monarchy in the United States. He expanded the Executive's power during his presidency to expand and improve the territories of the United States.
ReplyDeleteThomas Jefferson also knew five other languages. Spanish, French, Greek, Latin, and Italian. This would help him connect the United States with Western Europeans. Especially during his diplomatic session in France. Thomas Jefferson wanted knowledge and control. This allowed him to exercise the true meaning of the "art of power".
Jefferson was a great man who boldly, yet quietly, pursued the most suitable options available for the good of his country. Jefferson used compromises to solve disputes by subtly persuading others to act in his favor. By doing so, Jefferson could indirectly control a compromise to what he believed to be the best solution for everyone. For example, after the repeal of the Judiciary Act of 1801, the Federalist party was angered by the acts of the Republican party. One Federalist, Supreme Court associate justice Samuel Chase, gave a “provocative charge to a grand jury in Baltimore,” and was “openly hostile to Jefferson’s party,” (375). So Jefferson asked Joseph H. Nicholson to attempt to remove Chase from office because “it is better that I {Jefferson} should not interfere,” (375). Jefferson’s subtle strategy of initiating a course of action from a distance enabled him to influence other politicians to follow by manipulating them through kind and gentle persuasion.
ReplyDeleteOne way Jefferson executed the art of power was through his excellence in communication, one of the most important skills in a leader: "In pursuit of his own ends, Jefferson sought, acquired, and wielded power, which is the bending of the world to ones will... Like Jefferson, those who articulate national aspirations yet master the mechanics of influence" (xx). What Jefferson lacked in public speaking skills, he made up for in his ability to communicate ideas through writing. When Jefferson wrote, he made it one of his main priorities to appeal to his readers. The most famous example of this kind of writing was Jefferson's Summary View of the Rights of British America, identifying the American cause. The Summary View was Jefferson's breakthrough paper, which launched him toward the front ranks of the cause. Taking advantage of his exceptional skills in writing, Jefferson was able to convince many people who may had been on the fence to join the cause by appealing to the people's "sense of justice" (75) while at the same time maintaining a tone of respect to King George (to whom Jefferson said he was writing to). Perfectly written, Jefferson used his Summary View to extend his influence over the people of British America, therefore exercising the art of power.
ReplyDeleteAs a man of power, Jefferson knew how to efficiently use his hospitality and writing to his advantage. He realized that many people would disagree with his Republican policies. Jefferson often held social gatherings at the President’s house, which effectively helped raise the opinions of his fellow politicians towards him. One in particular, a Federalist senator William Plumer, had a drastic change of view. Jefferson had a calm, thoughtful approach to conversation that displayed his likeability to political opponents. Using this kind hospitality and conversation, Jefferson changed Plumer’s opinion of him “from hostility to … partial respect” (396). Jefferson utilized his conversationalist skills to form lasting bonds, which helped boost him further in the political spectrum. Watching speakers like Patrick Henry, Jefferson knew he could never compete vocally in politics, but his writing skills were beyond compare. When asked to draft the Declaration of Independence, arguably the most important document in American history, he secured his position of political supremacy.
ReplyDeleteTo Jefferson, politics should not be a brash clashing of hotheaded men; it should be a conversation between enlightened men who all have the best interest of a democratic institution deeply imbedded in their hearts. There were many keys to his success on the political stage, including a support from the populace, a mastery of the press, and a subtlety in congress.
ReplyDeleteThe thing that got Jefferson into positions of power in the first place was his stature as an ideal for republican principles. After the harshness of an administration that the country saw as enforced by Alexander hamilton, the people were more than happy to change the course of their country. With republican victories in New York, Jefferson was soon elevated to high offices and eventually, the presidency.
Another step that was crucial getting into office was Jefferson's manipulation of the press. One lesson he learned quickly from Alexander hamilton was to have your own methods of feeding information directly out to the public, and so he made several endeavors early on in his career that turned out very useful later in life (the affair with Callender being the exception.)
Lastly, Jefferson never brought forth controversial ideas or shockingly republican bill suggestions into congress. He prefered to work behind the scenes through a friend in a state seat, or an oratory ally. Jefferson also had a masterful way of overstepping the bounds of his powers and then smoothing it over with congress by asking for those powers later and acting almost as if he hadn't done anything as of yet that would require such power. In short, subtlety was his strength, in and out of office.
“Philosophers think; politicians maneuver. Jefferson’s genius is that he was both and could do both, often simultaneously. Such is the art of power” (xx). Jefferson was always looking for ways to better America. Jefferson wanted America to be strong and unified because he knew that would earn respect from other countries. I this travels to Paris he negotiated treaties and improved trade. By using his philosophies he “translated the best of the old world to the new and explained the benefits of the new to the old” (189). Jefferson loved having power and did everything he could to maintain it. Both the Louisiana Purchase and the embargo of 1807 showed his ability to apply his ideals to present situations. The embargo stopped, for the time being, a war with Britain. “The story of the Louisiana Purchase is one of strength, of Thomas Jefferson’s adaptability, and most important, his determination…” (384). Jefferson effectively exercises the art of power by thinking through his actions, then executing them for the benefit of America.
ReplyDeleteAn effective leader is one, like Jefferson, who captivates their follower’s emotions, connects with them and affects the future with the execution of their vision.
Through his growth as a person and politician, Thomas Jefferson showed that was able to effectively exercise “The art of Power”. Jefferson had a widespread knowledge of many subjects, allowing him to connect with all kinds of people, friend or foe. This is an important skill for someone in power to hold because through his easy connection with people, he could not only form lifelong relationships, but also learn from what others had to say. As a political figurehead with the goal of creating a country with the best interests of the people in mind, it is essential to be able to do so. Jefferson was always adapting his views and learning from his experiences. An example of this is when Jefferson failed to recognize warnings of British advancement towards Richmond Virginia, not wanting to send the militiamen out only to “find no enemy in place” pg.134. His failure to act quickly enough was catastrophic, and Jefferson recognized that he had “followed the people rather than led them.” Pg. 135. Jefferson was able to take his own mistake and learn from it, gaining information that “would help him immensely in later years when his responsibilities were even larger” pg. 135. It is through his wide knowledge of subjects and his abilty and willingness to learn and adapt which gave Jefferson the ability to effectively exercise the "art of power".
ReplyDeleteThomas Jefferson used his language and charm to successfully utilize the "art of power". As many others have said, while Jefferson was not a strong public speaker, he won over many with his writing and gave strength to a nation through his words. His words in combination with his charming nature gained him much popularity both in and out of the political world. He was well educated and smooth giving him both appeal and authority in his language. He understood how to effectively use language to convince, manipulate and control the world around him, giving him an ever-increasing amount of power. As mention by Jack Garrett earlier, Jefferson often did not use this "power" for good but rather as a way to get what he wanted. Since he was such a determined and passionate man, he was able to use his "power" to make sure everything went the way he wanted to. Luckily for the United States, most of the time what Jefferson wanted benefited the country. Thomas Jefferson exercised the "art of power" through his well-educated and eloquent language and through his charming personality.
ReplyDeleteJefferson exercised the art of power through his incredible capability to use his knowledge of politics to lead a nation in times of great conflict. Jefferson had a formal education in which he studied the methods of past leaders in order to create what he saw as the best possible way to lead the people. One of his main tactics in being a respected leader was avoiding direct conflict. He tried to avoid speaking to people on serious issues, lest the discussion become tense or violent. He instead chose to make most of his interactions through writing, which was something Jefferson was highly skilled at. Another way Thomas Jefferson exercised the art of power was by listening to everyone who he encountered, and making everyone who came to his house feel relaxed and respected. He recognized that it was easier for people to think of him as evil and portray him as such if they had never met him face to face. He made people feel comfortable around him and see him as a normal person, which made it more difficult for them to think of him a villain. Jefferson always concerned himself with pleasing the public, while at the same time doing what he thought best for the nation.
ReplyDeleteThomas Jefferson was very effective in exercising “the art of power”. Jefferson was well educated from a young age, reading about history and learning music. Jefferson took his studies very seriously, continuing on to the College of William and Mary, studying under Dr. William Shaw. Jefferson’s knowledge of the world along with his ability to speak French helped him immensely during his time spent in France, allowing him to create a diplomatic relationship with the French. Jefferson had a very calm personality, and he almost always retained his composure. Jefferson tried his best to reach agreements and avoid conflict at all costs, as he did not like to lose. During his time in Paris, Jefferson joined a chess club. One of his granddaughters said that “he was beaten at once, and that so rapidly and signally that he gave up all competition” (189). Perhaps Jefferson’s greatest characteristic in exercising “the art of power” was his assertiveness. Jefferson would step in and do what was best for the nation during his presidency—sometimes without going to congress regarding the issue beforehand. Jefferson was a motivated man who strived to reach his goals and was most definitely not afraid to take a risk if it meant getting what he wanted. These attributes assisted Jefferson in exercising the art of power and becoming one of the most influential figures in American history.
ReplyDeleteThomas Jefferson was a man who, unlike George Washington the hero of the revolution or John Adams was a leader that the less fortunate people could relate to. Jefferson unlike Adams held himself in a quiet and polite manner, making it hard for him to be unlike and contributing to him having few enemies's. Although he was a quiet and soft spoken Jefferson was able to get the job done and would do whatever it took to do this. Jefferson wasn't one to dive head first into a conflict, he was strong willed and would hold his ground when any of his ideas came into question. Along with these traits Jefferson's knowledge led him to be respected by even the few enemy he had. Jefferson knew how to use what power he had to the fullest extent without crossing any lines or gaining any enemy's. Jefferson was able to gain power more power while at the same time acting in the best interests of the people he led this is seen after he completes the Louisiana purchase. This allowed his people to move west and gain land while adding to the area he controlled
ReplyDeleteThroughout the book, Jon Meacham gives multiple examples of how Thomas Jefferson effectively exercised the "art of power". Even at a young age Jefferson always had the want to learn anything and everything he could. Jefferson knew multiple languages and at a young age was around politics where he learned a lot of about the government. The fact that Jefferson knew multiple languages and knew a lot about different subjects, allowed him to strike conversations and get along with different types of people. Another example of how Jefferson effectively exercised the "art of power", is that Jefferson learned from his past experiences and things he had witnessed to make it so he did not make these mistakes himself. Jefferson also did new things that were never done before to achieve what was best for the people. An example is when no one in the government ever thought to make a law for the freeing of the slaves. Even though it was voted down, Jefferson purposed a law where the slaves were to be freed. As Jefferson was soft spoken, polite and did not want to create conflicts, he was well like by the people. Jefferson used this to his advantage as the people looked up to him, so Jefferson's ideas were for the main far were widely accepted.
ReplyDelete"Jefferson mastered the art of rhetorical political leadership by appearing at once concerned about the needs of his people and attentive to their innate need to be a part of a larger drama that imbues daily life with mythic stakes." (76) Thomas Jefferson, aside from his political "fame", was in his time what many would consider a great example of an American. Jefferson was a family man, and found pleasure in common activities such as gardening, and had a passion for the violin. These qualities made Jefferson relatable to the citizens of the United States. Another quality that made Jefferson able to effectively exercise the art of power was his ability to make people feel comfortable around him. Jefferson told his grandchild "It is a charming thing to be loved by everybody." (xxiv) Jefferson would know this because he was indeed loved by almost everyone. The people of America felt comfortable talking to Jefferson. One woman, Margaret Smith, notes "the interest with which he listened... put me perfectly at ease; in truth, so kind and conciliating were his looks and manners that I forgot he was not a friend of my own." (xxv) "Politicians often talk too much and listen too little, which can be self defeating," (36) not Jefferson. Though he liked to give his ideas and opinions, he pleased the people by listening to what they had to say as well.
ReplyDeleteAlthough sensitive to criticism, Jefferson had a welcoming image that made the people of his country feel comfortable. Aside from his natural reassuring likeness, Thomas Jefferson knew how to please and persuade people. "Leadership... meant knowing how to distill complexity into a comprehensible message to reach the hearts as well as the minds of the larger world." (35) Jefferson learned to use rhetoric to appeal to people who may not know about the subject he was addressing. Ethos came easily to Jefferson as he was well educated in many subjects, and because of his smarts, Jefferson was also logical, as in logos. To really extend his work to everyone, Jefferson used pathos to "create emotional appeals to shape broad public sentiment." (35) Thomas Jefferson was a politician, a philosopher, and an American. Jefferson had almost every point of view that one could have, which aided him when making important decisions involving the future, or fate of the country. "It was a rich man's revolution, and Jefferson was a rich man. It was a philosophical revolution, and Jefferson was a philosophical man." (70)
Jefferson displayed the “art of power” perfectly throughout his life with his quiet and calm emotion and the way he learned from his mistakes to improve. Jefferson was known as a very calm and quiet man who never spoke out with rashly with emotion and always was a listener before he was a speaker. Because of this, Jefferson was very well respected in congress and later as president. When Jefferson did speak though, everyone listened because he rarely spoke out in large groups. This attention gave his words more power and influence over the group than the person always spoke out. In addition to being relatively quiet, Jefferson also always had a peaceful and calm attitude towards situations. Whenever there was talk of conflict, Jefferson always took the peaceful approach and tried to resolve it with his words first before actions. This calm approach helped him greatly in Paris with his peace talks. There he helped build a strong relationship with France that is still present toady. Although calm and quiet may not seem like the perfect recipe for a good leader, Thomas Jefferson and his infinite wisdom used these traits to expertly wield, the “art of power”
ReplyDeleteMeacham definitely makes it evident in his book that Jefferson had this air about him. People were comfortable around his easygoing, benevolent personality and Jefferson was able to keep that gentle aura without losing the respect of those he interacted with. He was easily approachable and charming which made communicating with others a simple task.
ReplyDeleteJefferson emphasized getting along with others and drawing conclusions through amicable and non-confrontational deliberation. This strategy not only made people feel at ease around him, but also allowed them to be more likely to see things from his perspective. Jefferson succeeded in his goals through humble and strong-willed means; he was “a man who got his way quietly but unmistakably, without bluster or bombast, his words congenial but his will unwavering” (270). Jefferson had the art of conversation, which helped him subconsciously persuade others to agree with his point of view.
Jefferson was a man who worked hard for what he believed. He had an overwhelming amount of faith in the American citizens and truly trusted that they were the “salvation of liberty, the soul of the nation, and the hope of the republic,”(xx).
Jefferson wielded the power he obtained with great skill, by manipulating people with his charm, and by mainly avoiding conflict. Jefferson had always hated conflict and confrontation, two things that a president has to deal with on a daily basis. Being well educated, charming, and having a vast array of interests allowed him to easily sway people. His education and his uncanny ability to move with written words made him an obvious choice for president. Once he got there his charm and his good nature made him very approachable and easy to talk to, this allowed him to avoid many possibly harmful confrontations. And his interests made him able to connect with almost anyone. This helped him a great deal when he would use unorthodox methods to help the country, because his cabinets loyalty to him was immense. Jefferson wielded his power like none before, he using his great knowledge as a philosopher and a politician to navigate his way through his presidency.
ReplyDeleteAs an effective leader, Thomas Jefferson was able to exercise the “art of power” by fulfilling many of the things he set his mind to. Early on in his life, Jefferson had a quintessential role model father who he aspired to be like. Coming from a long line of successful male figures who all rose through society, made it especially challenging for Jefferson to meet such high standards. Studying Law, English, Philosophy, Science, and a plethora of other fields, Jefferson by his own means, was able to use these as a medium for his career in Politics. Jefferson also had the ability to show his benevolent side when it came to getting things he wanted. When his Loyalist cousin John Randolph left for England, Jefferson drew from his vast knowledge of people skills, and wrote him a persuasive letter. When Meacham said “Jefferson wanted Randolph to present the colonists as a board, united, and brave force that deserved more respect from London” (92) and “In doing so Jefferson mastered the art of rhetorical political leadership by appearing at once concerned about the needs of his people and attentive to their innate needed to be part of a larger drama that imbues daily life with mythic stakes” (76) it showed how Jefferson planned certain things through, especially when it involved how others viewed him. Lastly one of the most important characteristics of an effective leader, is their ability to make sacrifices for what they believe in. So when Thomas Jefferson displayed this in the quote “He knew, too, that he was risking everything–and everything of his young family’s”(76) it demonstrated how he unequivocally exercised the art of power.
ReplyDeleteIn the context of the Jeffersonian era, the art of power as Jefferson himself wields it is his ability to live and work as a contradiction. This is most often seen in his balance of the fantastical, sweeping possible and the realistic, simple probable. He was both the philosopher and the politician, and his reconciliation of the two was the artistry in his power. This tendency to contradict is seen in negative examples, such as his early efforts towards ease of emancipation, but also in many positive one. The most striking was his strong and highly revered position on growing political stages despite his disinclination towards public speaking. He managed to work very effectively around this disadvantage by mastering the skill of listening and inquiring. He even delivers an awesome inauguration speech at the head of his first presidency, setting the stage for efforts towards bipartisan improvements during his administration. That being said, he staunchly supported and defended his fellow Republicans and widely condemned the Federalists when he saw fit, even close acquaintances, as was the case with John Adams.
ReplyDeleteJefferson was so brilliant at exercising "the art of power” that he effectively continued to do so even after his death. He did this through the Jeffersonian dynasty, a reign of his followers (Monroe, Mdison, Jackson, Van Buren) who all had the same beliefs as him. There were many factors that helped him become the great political figure and leader that he grew to be. One factor was his insatiable thirst for knowledge, growing up he read almost every book he could get his hands on and his studies throughout his educational career helped him to grasp a better understanding of the world around him. As he said, “Information, as ever, was power.” (160). He was always a charismatic and easy person to talk to about anything, this was due to his extensive studying, giving him knowledge on many different topics. Jefferson would host dinner parties and gatherings and would talk with everyone and captivate them with his fascinating mind. By doing this he could understand the views of everyone he met and could then try to make everyone content. As a leader, Jefferson was not afraid of taking risks and making the necessary decisions to get things done.
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ReplyDeleteThomas Jefferson successfully mastered the "art of power" by using his charisma and passion for politics to get people on his side. Jefferson was intelligent, but also friendly and kind. He had the ability to win people over with his charm and devotion for what he believed in. From the start, Jefferson was smart and valued his education saying that "given the chose, he would take the classical training his father arranged for him over the estate his father left him."(14). Jefferson was smart, and could use his intelligence along with his appeal to persuade and even manipulate the public. On the Day of Fasting and Prayer, Jefferson told his audience that their destiny was to become a free nation, and "mastered the art of rhetorical political leadership by appearing at once concerned about the needs of his people and attentive to their innate need to be part of a larger drama that imbues daily life with mythic stakes."(76). He made the cause important to the people, by bringing the ideas of god and fate into his message, even if he didn't necessarily agree with it. By doing so he gave his audience "both a vision of the future and a concrete sense that he knew how to bring the distant closer to hand, and dreams closer to reality."(77). Jefferson had such an ability to bring people together and win over an audience. During his inaugural address Jefferson said "Let us then, fellow-citizens, unite with one heart and one mind."(349). Jefferson brought Federalists and Republicans together in his speech by stating that both groups want what is best for this country. "The address was a political masterpiece." (350) moving everyone who heard it. Jefferson's way with words most certainly contributed to his success in mastering the art of power.
Thomas Jefferson was a man who carefully obtained and wielded power to suit his needs, reading the atmosphere around him and using his influence in both broad acts and in smaller interactions to get his way. Upon being voted into office, Jefferson took advantage of the momentum of Republican popularity to push for action, having Congress “abolish all internal taxes … [and] repeal the Judiciary Act of 1801”(368). Upon hearing that the Louisiana Purchase needed to be accepted by the United States in a shorter period of time than previously anticipated, Jefferson bypassed a constitutional amendment, increasing executive responsibility and power. However, Jefferson only used his power, according to Meacham, “to preserve the possibility of republicanism and progress”(392) in this instance. Nevertheless, this broad use of power changed the role of the executive and gave the president more influence. Even on a smaller scale, when dealing with his colleagues, Jefferson used the powers of the executive to his advantage. To ease tensions with his Federalist opponents and foreign diplomats, Jefferson held dinners at the President’s House. As Meacham states, “It tends to be more difficult to oppose – or at least to vilify – someone with whom you have broken bread and drunk wine”(395). Jefferson used his elegance and politeness at the dinner table to achieve a greater position of power, softening “the more strident hours of partisanship”(396) and thus making it easier to get his way with the Federalists. Jefferson was able to wield power in many different ways, but all to great effect.
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